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Christmas’s Past: The best choir in history

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Choir of King's College CambridgePETER KRANZ | 25 December 2013

MORRISET - My Dad was a musician. More specifically he was a choirmaster.

We had an old Ferrograph tape recorder and he had some precious recordings that he held in high regard, including the Vienna Boys Choir, Fred Waring and his Pennsylvanians, the LSO Chorus, Mahalia Jackson and Tommy Dorsey and the Golden Gate Quartet.

But the best of them all was the choir of King's College Cambridge. Christmas music for the ages.

We had some Aussie friends around for Christmas in 1969. Dad said, "I'll play you the best choir ever." They laughed.

Then Dad turned the tape recorder on and the first lines of "Once in royal David's city" issued forth from King's. There was silence.

Then cousin Nick said "Did these bastards come from heaven?"

Listen here and weep.


Christmas’s Past: Reflection, celebration & commitment

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Christmas in PNGBOMAI D WITNE | 25 December 2014

GOROKA - Christmas in Papua New Guinea is a time when many homes, streets, stores and churches are gaily decorated and Christmas songs dominate music on radio stations and in the shops.

Like in countries around the world, kids anticipate that Santa Claus will bring goodies.  My son saw someone dressed in red in one of the shops, reminded me of Father Christmas and asked what the great man would bring him this Christmas.

This is an expectation strengthened by my son’s kindergarten. The school asked parents to dress their children like Father Christmas and buy gifts for the school’s version of Santa Claus to distribute. Some churches do the same.

Wherever the culture of Santa Claus originated (it was somewhere in Europe), many Papua New Guineans have enthusiastically inherited the tradition and built into their own family and community celebrations.

I have never received a gift from Santa Claus. However, I try to equate the portly man with the snowy beard with my parents and individuals who have freely shared their time and resources with me and have been part of my growth.

I realise that it is now my turn to carry on the legacy of the good people who have supported me in my life.

Christmas and the rituals and decorations surrounding it sends a strong message of love and feelings of shared universal joy. It is a time of reunion, sharing and caring for one another through the exchange of gifts between members of the family and communities.

For Christians, the decorations, lights, gifts, carols and all the excitement reminds us of the greatest gift of the Son of God, Jesus.

It is a time that reminds us of the journey of Mary and Joseph from when the Angel appeared and revealed to them their parental roles of the person of Jesus. It reminds us of their journey to Bethlehem where the inns were full and the son of God was born in a manger.

I sit here and contemplate the Bible’s story of Christmas and realise it is a story of joy based on humility, dignity, courage and the intrinsic desire to follow one’s heart for the common good.

The gospel of Luke (1:26-38) reminds us that the Angel appeared to Mary and the Gospel of Mathew (1: 18-25) reminds us that the Angel appeared to Joseph.

For Mary, it was the greatest moment of her life. She surrendered her being to God.

For Joseph, he was told that Mary, the woman who was engaged for him to marry, was pregnant.

I could not imagine the blow in his mind. The humiliation, disgrace and embarrassment this sad news brought ton him. But he didn’t humiliate Mary and accuse her of an affair with another man. He was trying to think of a way to deal with the situation when the Angel appeared and assured him Mary’s child was God’s son and instructed Joseph to name him Jesus.

The journey from Nazareth to Bethlehem, the birth of Jesus and the visits of the shepherds and Orient kings are stories of hardship and humility without losing dignity and value.

Christmas is a time of deep reflection on one’s own life and offers a renewed attempt to deal with life’s challenges with humbleness, joy and dignity. It is a time to think of actions directed at producing results for the common good.

The overwhelming stories of corruption, domestic violence, political power struggles, torture, killing of people accused of sorcery and the endless list of social ills in our society are indications that we may be losing our fundamental human values.

Christmas is a time when we can re-commit to these values that provide the foundation to create a better society for all.

In whatever, way we celebrate Christmas, we enjoy it best when we share and celebrate with what we earn from our own toil and perspiration. 

Christmas’s Past: Christmas at Olsobip

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Wherever 2015 - OlsobipGARRY LUHRS | 25 December 2015

EX KIAP WEBSITE - Christmas, and the entire festive season, is always a contentious time at the Gentlemen’s Club.

It is the cause of more disharmony than a federal election or a debate on the return of conscription and compulsory national service, or climate change. Goodwill and fellowship towards our fellow man, I don’t think so! What a load of humbug!

All of these problems started some years ago when the club’s committee, in its infinite wisdom, decided to invite member’s submissions for the club’s Christmas celebrations to cover such items as suitable dress codes for the festive season, Christmas luncheon menus, after luncheon entertainment and the like.

As well you can imagine the membership divided into roughly two distinct camps. On the one hand there were the traditionalists led by Enoch McGraw, ex cattle station owner; whilst on the other hand the reactionary group, led by Archibald Blumfeld-Bingington, ex public servant, favoured the Anglo/European yuletide celebratory practices.

I must own up to being a traditionalist myself and I favoured the national festive wardrobe of black football shorts, blue singlet and thongs as evolved by our ancestors against the imported traditions of collars and ties and the like, which are totally unsuited to the local climate. However; eventually a compromise was reached and open collars and long slacks and appropriate footwear, including socks, are now the order of the day.

Even the choice of carols for the choristers from the Cathedral was a bone of contention. We traditionalists favoured such Christmassie songs like Slim Dusty’s “Christmas at the Station” and the Chukka-Wankers singing “Christmas in a rusty Holden ute” against such rubbish as “Hark! Hark! The Lark” and “Deck the Halls with lumps of holy”. Whatever that is!

It sounds like reindeer droppings and; there is no way we would allow the buffalo horns and crocodile heads in the trophy room to be bedecked with reindeer droppings. When the choristers sang “Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer” instead of “Six white Boomers”; Enoch drove them off with a whiff of birdshot from his double barrelled Purdy.

I won’t go into the luncheon menu except to say Roast Turkey and Figgy Pudding is definitely off the menu along with banning the barbaric practice of drinking port in the middle of the day. Really! Now it’s a proper traditional Christmas lunch with prawns and lamb chops and beer drunk from the bottle and the like.

The only thing that the two groups agree on is the dress standards for the five, four ball, overs a side cricket match in the club’s ballroom after lunch. Long cream flannels are compulsory. The sight of geriatric, septuagenarian and octogenarian knobbly white knees and inflamed and swollen varicose veins is just over the top and quite revolting.

It’s sufficiently off putting to see twenty two decrepit bodies wheezing, faces bloated and purple as they try to recapture lost youth and ward off cardiac arrest for a couple of hours.

We always have at least one heart attack or stroke during the game so the twelfth men are assured having the opportunity to show their stuff and put willow to leather, or in our case willow to tennis ball.

Whenever I see these ancient warriors girding up to do battle my mind recalls that incredible cricket match between Australia and the West Indies that took place at the Sydney Cricket Ground in January 1961. Play was broadcast live on ABC radio and the host commentators were Johnny Moyes, uncle of the kiap of the same name, and Alan McGillvray.

At one stage play had slowed down to a point whereby the spectators on the famous Sydney Hill began to get restless and, as happened in those far off days, after imbibing to excess, insults tended to get bandied about.

On this occasion a pugilistic contest broke out between a gentleman in a brown belt who exchanged blows with another gentleman in grey flannel trousers. So boring was the test that our two stalwart broadcasters conducted a running commentary of the contest until it was broken up by the strong arm of the law who led the contestants away. But I digress!

As I reminisced my mind meandered back over the roads to the ghosts of many Christmases past and one in particular.

I was the lord and master of the Western District’s most northern outpost nestled in the southern foothills of the central ranges. Olsobip was a pleasant little station largely ignored and forgotten by the outside world unless the monthly rainfall figures or some other highly important statistical return was not submitted on time. So as long as I remembered to keep all of my statistics up to date; Kiungu, Daru and the world left me in peace.

Time passed kiapy things were kiaped and I came to know the words of every song on every LP record I owned and I could sing every individual part of the musicals Camelot and Brigadoon. I could also recite by heart every word on the label of a packet of camel cigarettes and the label of a bottle of Rhum Negrita. Such were the achievements of a solitary existence.

As I sat in my sago and pandanus leaf thatched alpine chateau I mused on the highlights of my childhood and pondered the forthcoming yuletide season.

Then as if a bolt from the blue it struck me. I would host a gathering of my loyal subjects and introduce them to Christmas and the joys of celebrating this most holy of days of the Christian calendar. After all the station had been established for nearly three years; it was time to introduce the next level of civilization.

So at the following morning’s parade I announced to the constabulary and the labourers our plans for Christmas. To be honest my announcement was not met with any great enthusiasm.

The corporal questioned the wisdom of bringing certain groups together in large numbers considering traditional enmities and the like. After all there were only seven policemen and he, the corporal, did not consider that sufficient strength to contain a couple of thousand tribesmen if they decided to get cantankerous.

“Nonsense!” said I and without any further ado instructed the interpreters to send word far and wide, throughout the realm, summoning the populace to wait on their Kiap on Boxing day. No sooner said than done.

Whilst waiting for the great day to arrive; we were not idle. A greasy pole was prepared, a stock built for pillow fighting, a pig purchased to be greased and released on the day. All the events of a Territory celebration were organized.

Prizes in the form of trade goods, stick tobacco, bush knives, tomahawks, lengths of laplap, trade mirrors and trinkets courtesy of the Government Store were organized. Rough humpies to accommodate our potential guests were erected. All was looking good.

The days rolled by like a dream as we prepared for the momentous occasion. Then dawned Boxing Day, bright and clear! I arose slightly heavy headed from celebrating Christmas but nevertheless anticipating the arrival of the hordes and quite excited looking forward to the friendly competitions that were to take place.

At last, we could hear in the distance, the pulsating throb of a hundred kundus, the warble and shrieks of the primitive tribesmen chanting traditional songs as they approached the station from all eight points of the compass.

Then finally, they hove into view, long lines of warriors bedecked in brilliant plumage, their phallic gourds waving like coconut palms in the breeze. Noses and ears pierced with lengths of bamboo and unwashed bodies glistening with perspiration and pig fat mixed with the ash from camp fires. The malodorous stench of a heaving poorly drained sewer was enough to churn the civilized hungover gut.

The converging lines of savages assembled before me, where I stood in front of the flagpole gently massaging my inflamed haemorrhoids. A silence fell over the assemblage; I raised both of my arms and acknowledged their acquiescence as they paid homage to their kiap.

I gazed about me and was quite stricken by the moment and surrendered to the temptation to make a verbose kiapy type speech. An English translation I include hereunder; it went something like this:

“My people! I acknowledge your attendance and I accept your humble deference and the homage that you extend to me.

“You have been summoned here today to participate in the great annual celebration known as Christmas. This occasion will be repeated every year from now until the end of time and it will provide you all with the opportunity to acknowledge your benevolent kiap who offers you his goodwill, love and protection.

“Shortly we will introduce you to the government’s ideals of competitiveness, sportsmanship and fair play. This in turn will lead to your eventually becoming civilized members of this great emerging nation.

“The afternoon will be devoted to competitions and the evening will be devoted to sing sings where boys can be boys and girls can become mothers.

“So without further ado I invite you to place your effects in the allocated humpies and at belo bek let the games begin.”

A jolly fine introduction; I thought.

The assemblage dispersed and, under the direction of members of the constabulary made their ways to the allocated accommodations to settle in and await the commencement of the games.

Barely 30 minutes had passed when the equanimity of the day was broken with blood curdling screams of “Kill! Kill!” rent the air.

A member of the constabulary came running towards me beckoning my presence to the line of humpies. From the noise and tenor of the raised voices it was obvious, even to me, that something was amiss.

As I hastened towards the cause of the disturbance it was obvious that whatever the problem; it did not involve all of the tribesmen. I arrived at the centre of the disturbance. Two groups were facing off against each other.

The goodwill and bon homme of the morning gone; hearts that were previously full of love and fellowship towards each other now replaced by anger and malice aforethought. As I approached the two groups I saw an enormous rock python, deceased, stretched on the ground between the two factions.

“What is the problem?” I queried. Two hundred voices screamed as one! “It is ours!” “Nay ‘tis ours.”

It transpired that said python was enjoying a post-Christmas nap in the sunshine between two of the humpies when it was set upon by numerous tribesmen, from two different groups both of whom battered it into the corpse that lay before me.

The two opposing sets of villagers claimed it for lunch and were prepared to shed blood to substantiate their separate claims. “Aha,” I thought to myself! “Tis here that I can bring my extensive 21 months’ legal knowledge and experience to bear and solve this problem quickly and amicably to the satisfaction of all parties.”

And so, with all the power and authority vested in me by Her Majesty, the Queen herself, I proceeded to dispense British justice with the wisdom of Solomon.

“Constable! Fetch my measuring tape!” The serpent was measured and it conveniently measured twelve feet four inches. I placed a charcoal mark at six feet two inches and invited the headman of protagonist side A to cut the creature in half and invited the headman of protagonist side B to select which half his people would stew and consume.

Reluctantly both sides agreed to my adjudication and everybody settled down; keeping their mumbles of discontent to a minimum. Problem solved I quietly preened myself and returned to centre stage.

At this point I decided to bring forward the commencement of the festivities; it seemed apparent to me that without direct supervision, the tribesmen could engage in further mischief.

Without further ado the policemen rounded up our guests and directed them to the two greasy poles that had been placed about fifty yards apart. There they stood, two stout posts, the tops of which were adorned with dozens of goodies compliments of the taxpayer.

I realised almost instantly that the concept good manners and gentlemanly behaviour in the form of taking turns was quite alien to the tribesmen. Jostling, fighting, shouting discontent, the masses charged the poles only to find that they had been liberally lubricated with margarine from the government store.

As a result part of the mass dissatisfaction became directed towards their beloved kiap and his loyal retainers. We the latter withdrew to a safe distance to consider our situation. My corporal was not cooperating in the true spirit of Christmas and was actually muttering mutinous statements under his breath questioning my sanity in organising the festivities.

Whilst we were pondering a solution; the savages provided their own solution. A few whacks with a tomahawk and both greasy poles thumped to the ground. Joyous cries from those claiming a trophy from the felled poles filled the air.

“Right,” I said, “time for the tug of war competition.”

Six teams were organised. All items that could possibly be used as weapons or projectiles were confiscated and the teams were lined up preparatory the commencement of the competition.

The sign was given and the competitors took to pulling with a vengeance. All was progressing well as a couple of hundred grunting and sweating bodies heaved to and fro. Then disaster struck; one of the teams began to give ground and appeared about to be pulled across the centre line.

A loud cry went up from the spectators and before you could say floccinaucinihilipilification a group ran to give assistance to their wantoks.

The ripple effect was instantaneous; the tug of war was forgotten and it was on for young and old. All of the competitors and spectators joined into the fray as one. Kicking, biting, gouging, punching, slapping and in some cases getting quite physical. It was obvious to me that the situation ran the risk of getting out of hand.

“Corporal!” I ordered in my most authoritarian voice, “we are going to have to put a stop to these shenanigans. I can’t be completely sure but his undisciplined reply sounded something like ‘You started it. You sort it out.”

“Beat the clanger!” I ordered. The clanger was a length of railway line that was hammered to call the faithful to and from work. When struck with a sledge hammer it resounded across the valley with a resonance to awaken the dead.

The brawling mob paused; temporarily distracted from their activities by sound of the clanger.

I raised my arms and walked amongst the seething throng emboldened by the lines from Shakespeare’s Macbeth - “Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm a kiap.”

The hordes fell silent. I looked about me, my disappointment obvious. I addressed them thus:

“My friends! My people! I am deeply distressed. I ordered you here in order that I, and my policemen, could impart civilised values to you in order that you can take your place in the councils of your emerging nation.

“You have adopted the Westminster system of government which requires acceptance and obedience to the laws that have made our Empire great.

“When I advise the number one government in Kiunga about your undisciplined behaviour he will be very disappointed. When the number one government in Kiunga advises the number one government in Daru of your riot he the number one government on Daru will feel compelled to tell the number one government in Moresby and there will be sorrow about the land. Then when the number one government in Moresby advises the Queen there will be wailing and gnashing of teeth!

“So what do you have to say for yourselves?”

My speech was met with total silence. The people seemed perplexed they looked questioning at each other obviously overcome with the enormity of their impropriety and unacceptable behaviour.

Savouring the moment I continued:

“In all likelihood all of those important people will stop sending us stick tobacco and one shillings to pay you for your labours when you come to the station to work.

“Now return to your humpies, prepare your evening meals; and conduct sedate and cultured sing sings to entertain me as I sleep tonight. I absolutely forbid any further fighting. Tomorrow morning you will all return to your villages and remember how civilised people celebrate Christmas.”

The horde dispersed but in doing so they commandeered all of the unallocated prizes and took them along with them. In short the rest of the time was uneventful. The different groups settled around their fire and as I passed amongst them during the evening they dutifully performed their traditional singsings.

When I awoke the following morning; the sun was shining and I was greeted by the sight of all of the natives assembled on the airstrip obviously awaiting my appearance. I made my way towards them and six or seven of the headmen came forward to salute me and acknowledge my presence.

Through the interpreters they expressed their gratitude at attending the government’s festivities and; after apologising profusely for the behaviour of their clansmen, trusted that I would not misinterpret their high spirits and make trouble with the Queen.

We were all so overcome with the emotion of the moment I couldn’t control myself. I reached out and shook each of the headmen by his hand and sent them on their way.

Now all these years later as I listen to my old friends in the Gentlemen’s Club waffle on about trivialities I like to think that inside little sago thatched huts nestling in the shadows of the mighty Star Mountains; toothless shrivelled up old men huddle around smoking fires and relate the legend of the time that their kiap shook their hands and my heart fills with pride.

And so dear reader it is time for us to part once more. I shall be taking a sabbatical to polish the great Australian novel but in the meantime I wish you and your family a very happy and loving Christmas and a safe and prosperous New Year.

As Little Tim says in a Christmas Carol: “God bless us each and every one.”

Christmas’s Past: Christmas for atheists

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Phil FitzpatrickPHIL FITZPATRICK | 25 December 2016

HERVEY BAY - I WAS about eight years old when I realised that organised religion was a giant confidence trick.

The thing that made me aware of this was my mother’s plan to send me to the local Catholic school. We’d just moved out of the migrant hostel after arriving in Australia from England and I was bound to a new school.

Although my father was an atheist he was a nominal Catholic, and had succumbed to family pressure to marry in the church.

My mother, abiding by church rules, had converted from Methodism to Catholicism. That marriage and conversion carried a mandatory commitment to raise children as Catholics. Such was the power of the church in those days.

I rebelled and refused point blank to attend the Catholic school. I wanted to attend the local public school where my mates from the hostel were going.

To rebel successfully, I had to present a cogent argument to my mother. That is, I had to investigate and think about religion.

My conclusion was simple. How could anyone with reasonable intelligence believe this rubbish? It is a conclusion I have carried with me since.

That is not to say I object to anyone believing what they want, no matter how illogical and fantastic it might seem. If it helps deal with life and harms no one that’s fine by me.

I’ve developed my own theories about spirituality and often think it could reside in certain places and things. Not so much in a supernatural sense, like religion, but in a psychological sense - the sense that we might feel something in those places where those things exist.

For instance, I think that forests, deserts, the sea and trees and certain animals have an intangible spirituality.

I can therefore sympathise with the old animist religions that were prevalent in Papua New Guinea before the missionaries arrived. Indeed, those old beliefs seem not to have diminished in the face of the Christianity taught by the churches.

Apart from claims of supernatural intervention, the other thing that bothers me about religion, especially the organised kind, is its overt political nature.

I can’t for the life of me see much difference between popes, mullahs, shamans, priests, rabbis and pastors and other trumped-up appellations of rabid capitalists and mercenary politicians. To me, they all try to manipulate people for their own benefit.

To do this they have taken the teachings of naïve prophets like Jesus and Mohammed and subverted them into political systems. Men were busily doing this even while Jesus was alive before the Peter O’Neill of the time, Pontius Pilate, disposed of him.

I think people might be better off listening to the purported words of those prophets, who all seem to have been good men, rather than the words of the churches’ spin doctors. Those old historic words are still echoed by humble men and women of the church who believe in goodness above all else.

The evil that is apparent in what those religious spin doctors devised is perhaps best summed up by the photograph of that crazy Muslim police officer who recently shot the Russian ambassador in Turkey.

Or perhaps not, perhaps he was just outraged at the awful carnage that has been wreaked in Syria in religion’s name.

So this Christmas don’t celebrate the mad doctrines of the Christian churches. Celebrate the goodness of that naïve prophet called Jesus, who was, after all, just human like the rest of us.

And if you don’t want to do that, celebrate the life of that great Greek Bishop of Myra in Turkey called St Nicholas (aka Father Christmas), who used his inherited wealth to alleviate the suffering of his flock.

Christmas’s Past: Jesus Christ, God’s perfect gift to humanity

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Wherever 2017 - Melanesian NativityPHILIP KAI MORRE | 25 December 2017

KUNDIAWA - Many Christians around the world have adopted a material and secular meaning of Christmas: giving and receiving gifts to strengthen social and economic bonds; reuniting with families and friends; celebrating; and taking holidays from work.

Special gifts are given to special friends at this time of year, representing personal commitment, appreciation, beauty, joy, pride and positive experience.

In Papua New Guinea, and especially in the Highlands where I live, the true meaning of Christmas is not fully observed. Rather, it is seen as the time to receive and remit bride prices, celebrate weddings, pay compensation, hold funeral feasts, drink and enjoy in a more casual way.

The problems to be solved can wait.

Teachers and students are home for holidays in their semester breaks. There’s drinking to the brim and the resultant vehicle accidents with injury and death.

I must say you don’t see many people going to church; they’re preoccupied with material things.

Newly married couples buy expensive items, especially the marriage ring representing romantic love of both giver and receiver. The giver expresses love and the receiver enjoys receiving it and says, “I love you so much and you will be mine until death do us part”. They submit to each other making promises to live a happy life.

Then there are other special gifts for birthdays, graduation, mother’s day, father’s day and so it goes on. Particular gifts represent a particular person and the occasion which has a unique character of its own.

Now what is the true and perfect gift of Christmas, the greatest gift to Humanity?

The birth of Jesus Christ in the town of Bethlehem is the greatest gift God gave to mankind out of unconditional love. Mary was a humble servant, obedient and full of grace and accepted to be the mother of Christ.

Mary, who was free from original sin, conceived by Immaculate Conception. The son of God took human flesh and was incarnated through the virgin Mary - the hypostatic union of body and soul. Mary was the mother of God who became man (theotokas) in the person of Jesus Christ with a human character and personality. A perfect man without sin.

It’s still a mystery to fully comprehend this incarnation, a supernatural act, but we are the recipient of this perfect gift so we have to embrace it, affirm it and value it as the most precious gift any human being can receive.

It’s a gift to be celebrated every day because the gift of Christ represents our salvation, redemption, destiny, spiritual values, grace, infinite happiness and life after death (parousia).

The three Wise Kings from the East followed the star of Bethlehem, travelling long distances to present their gifts to the infant child Jesus, in the midst of animals and shepherds, to symbolise their appreciation and welcoming of the new born King.

The three Kings were the first to present their gifts to the infant Jesus and were received by his mother Mary and Joseph, his foster father.

Every Christmas, thousands of Christians and pilgrims from around the world travel to the Holy Land to visit the site where Jesus was born, the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem, to renew their faith.

It is true that Christmas is one of the big events of the year where gifts are given to the needy, the disabled people, the lepers, the terminally sick, the prisoners and the orphans.

This is seen as an expression of the human heart and unconditional love as well as social and economic bond and relationship. The gifts could be anything: clothes, mobile phones, a TV set, shoes and other items.

The givers feel blessed and are happy to give, while the recipients embrace the gifts and thank God for the givers.

Santa Claus is already in town and stores and offices are decorated and the Christmas trees glow with coloured twinkling lights. Gifts are given to friends while the poor majority mind their own business.

The common people - including buai sellers, street vendors and perfect strangers - roam the streets aimlessly.  Youths are drinking and doing strange things, forgetting that life is so precious.

Should we continuously move away from God or give time to reflect and meditate on the purpose of our existence and destiny.

God is the giver of this perfect gift of Jesus Christ because he loves us at the first place, the gift representing agape love - the love between God and people.

God’s sanctifying grace redeemed us from sin through Christ, the perfect gift who died on the cross. The gift of Christ does not have a price tag and is priceless and of infinite value.

Christ is the gift of life who brings an important message of salvation.

This perfect gift gives us the strength and motivation, the positive experience and peace and love to God and our fellow humans.

This gift demands commitment and we have the spiritual and moral obligation to love Him and follow His commandments. There is no other way to enter heaven except through Christ.

This Christmas rekindles thoughts of a memorable trip

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Kumbon 4 - Nii & Kumbon
Francis and I sign our books for buyers at the Brisbane Writers Festival

DANIEL KUMBON,

WABAG - Two years ago, Francis Nii, Martyn Namorong, Rashmii Bell, my wife Julie and I attended the lively Brisbane Writers Festival.

It was a rare opportunity for the prolific, wheelchair-bound writer Francis Nii and Julie to travel from the confines of their ridge top homes in the highlands of Papua New Guinea.

Our trip was made possible by the generosity of our sponsors – Gudmundur Fridriksson and Stanley Kuli Liria of Paga Hill Development Company, Keith Jackson of PNG Attitude and Ken McKinnon and his wife Sue in Sydney.

I would like to thank them all again this Christmas for their generosity, human understanding and encouragement.

I also thank all our friends like Rob, Murray, Phil, Ed, Bob, Ben, Jim, Lindsay and so many other cheerful people who made us feel welcome and ensured our stay in Noosa, Brisbane and Sydney was memorable.

It was also a rare opportunity for us to meet politicians who were keen to meet writers from a former colony so used to being ignored by their own government.

It was an honour to meet the then member for Noosa in the Queensland Parliament, Glen Elmes MP and Noosa mayor Cr Tony Wellington, deputy mayor Cr Frank Wilkie and Cr Ingrid Jackson.

A special thank-you is extended to Dr Ken McKinnon and his lovely wife Sue for showing us around Sydney followed by a memorable evening meal in their cozy apartment overlooking Botany Bay.

They proudly showed us a portrait of Grand Chief Sir Michael Somare painted in 1973 by a G Hannas.

The couple surprised my wife Julie when she learned they were both over 80 years of age.

In her own province of Enga, Julie is so used to seeing people die at a very young age due to complications during childbirth, lifestyle diseases, tribal warfare, traffic accidents and a lack of basic medicines in hospitals.

She envied the well-stocked hospitals especially when Keith Jackson recovered so quickly after a major spinal operation in Brisbane.

Kumbon 3 - McKinnon. Daniel  Julie  Andrew  Martyn
Ken McKinnon, Daniel & Julie Kumbon, Andrea Williams (PNG Association) and Martyn Namorong in Sydney

She herself had been operated on several times for different medical conditions in a poorly equipped hospital in her own small township of Wabag.

It gives us the creeps to imagine what would have happened if the single standby power generator had failed in the middle of one of the three operations she had.

She asked me in Cairns to allow her to return to Australia and live with a relative in Adelaide and pick fruit just so she can enjoy the healthy environment - clean streets, beaches, parks and live among the friendly people.

It may not be possible but the tons of photos we brought back home will keep reminding us of our memorable trip down under and the generous people who inhabit its shores.

We thank you all once again and wish you all a Merry Christmas and prosperous New Year.

....and the very bestest Christmas to all our readers

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SP
Cover of the PNG primary school paper for Christmas 1967. It doesn't seem like 51 years ago that I edited that fine publication. But the calendar doesn't lie.

KEITH JACKSON

NOOSA - Christmas Day has dawned without snow and ice on the Sunshine Coast, very much the 'no surprises' scenario which in my previous life always delighted clients . 

There is quite a lot of traffic building up on the roads, as this is a resort area, but not quite as much as the human traffic in the local liquor stores yesterday. Grog shops closed on Christmas Day triggers national panic.

Anyway today we have glorious beach weather and friends to visit and people are on the move, populating Main Beah and the river foreshore with tents and tarpaulins and Eskies to keep the champagne chilled.

Noosa shire's population doubles at these times as holidaymakers head here to experience the safe waters of Laguna Bay, the Noosa River foreshore and the calm hills and forests of the hinterland.

But despite the crowds, there is the wonderful aura of the tranquillity and joy that always accompanies Christmas.

This morning Ingrid and I will visit mum-in-law Libby (93 and going fine) at the aged care place she enjoys so much; join some good neighbours for some good drinks in the middle of the day; and later in the afternoon play host to our delightful local relatives for some agreeable hours. That's my Christmas Day schedule and I hope yours will be just as pleasant.

So to all our readers, wherever you are on the planet,  I'm grateful you're with us on PNG Attitude sharing this....thing. Thanks for your contributions and comments, or just for being here.

And thanks for your donations to our occasional charitable causes and for the continuing support that sustains the  spirit of multicultural friendship that underpins this website.

Christmas is a special time of love and gift giving and the best gift of all is the gift of friendship.

I hope and trust that 2019 will be a better year for the people of Papua New Guinea, most of whom have had too many very ordinary years recently. So long as our Papua New Guinean friends need a supporting voice, and sometimes a bit more than that, we'll be here. Meanwhile, enjoy today's package of previous Christmases on PNG Attitude.

Oh how we miss this feisty, jocular teller of legends

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KEITH JACKSON

Patrick & Alfred
Big Pat Levo with the diminutive Alfred Kaniniba

NOOSA - You’re leaning back after a few Christmas Day jugs saying to yourself ‘my work here is done, I can skive off for a bit’, when suddenly a long absent presence storms the inbox.

It has a name and its name is Patrick ‘Big Pat’ Levo, scion of the Gulf crocodile eaters, plantain procurers and sago suckers. Not to mention buai bashers.

Reluctant as I was to receive this missive from Big Pat on the birthday of Jesus (or, indeed, any day at all), I could not help but see that it contained a pome (poem) written in pottery (poetry).

I remarked to myself, because no one else would listen, that this was more than passing strange, it was high speed and reckless overtaking of strange.

A strangeness that begets a sudden and nervous, "What the feck is going on here".

So without further ado, as the man said after his 45 minute introductory speech, I offer you the blank verse of Big Pat, if not Papua New Guinea's leading journalist then surely its tallest, and wittiest:

Greetings oh merry ones,
may the angelic harp of Saint John's harpoon you,
with thy faithful tunes of Christmas by the fyfe,
that you may be merry and blessed,
as you feast on pork & boroma,
you teller of feisty legends,
roam on wild and unfettered.
your dear friend in the river
--- saint patricio

To which I saw fit to respond, under the pseudonym of Keith the Ugly in order to best disguise my true identity:

Greetings oh lost and begotten comrade
Who ditched high class living for the swamps
Now do you yearn for what was left behind?
A small bribe to plant a story benign, on page 9
A free feed  for a minister’s pic (girlfriend absent)
A trip to Australia for a conference meaning nothing

But no, you are not a man of disrepute
You are a spirit of high thought and passion
A man of the clan who understands your kind
Who can see a place that is better than you know
Who espies the flaws like a dog espies fleas
A true man of his people, not a man of cardboard

That’s it, you can all go back to bed now….


Mountains & rivers: solo adventurer gets set to do PNG

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Charlie
Charlie Walker has chosen PNG for his next big adventure

CHARLIE WALKER | Adventurer & Writer

LONDON - In March 2019, I will undertake a two-month journey through the interior of Papua New Guinea.

The goal is to get from the coast at Lae back to the coast at Wewak via the country's three highest peaks and having paddled the longest river, the Sepik, from source to sea.

The entire route will be completed without motorised transport and is approximately 2,400 km, breaking down as:

Cycling: 800 km
Hiking: 480 km
Packrafting: 1,120 km

Some of the challenges will include local crime, tribal warfare, whitewater, crocodiles and some of the world's densest jungle.

Due to the lack of internet connectivity, I will not be blogging during the trip but, when possible, will post updates on Instagram and Twitter.

I’m a British adventurer, writer and motivational speaker specialising in long distance, human-powered expeditions and I’ve travelled by bicycle, foot, horse and dugout canoe.

Charlie's routeI’m a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and a recipient of a Transglobe Expedition Trust 'Mad but Marvellous' grant.

My writing has featured in a range of publications including The Times, Daily Express, Wanderlust, Travelmag, Travel Africa and Sidetracked magazine.

I was named Travel Blogger of the Year in 2013 by the Association of Independent Tour Operators.

My longest expedition was a 70,000 km bicycle journey reaching the furthest cape in each of Europe, Asia and Africa before returning home. On this journey I traversed 60 countries, encountering extremes of weather, remoteness and physical exhaustion during the four and a half years I was away.

In 2012 I walked 1,600 km solo across the Gobi desert from China to Mongolia. This feat involved walking over six marathons a week for six weeks whilst carrying enough food and water to survive.

Also in 2012 I trekked 960 km across Central and Northern Mongolia in the company of only a semi-feral pony and a stray dog I found in the forest.

In 2014 I boated the Lulua, a little-known tributary of the Congo River, in a dugout canoe. This journey into remote and effectively uncharted territory was beset by rapids, waterfalls, hippos, crocodiles and finally, shortly after leaving the river, violent bouts of malaria and typhoid fever.

In 2017, I completed a world-first 8,300 km triathlon along the perceived Europe Asia border. This expedition spanned from the midwinter snowfields of the Russian Arctic to the Bosporus in Istanbul.

I was in the depths of despair when PNG Attitude came to help

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Sylbeez Hive Learning Centre
The school finished 2018 with just seven students, the eighth is Marlene’s daughter Darhlia. At right, wearing a cap, is teacher David Kataka

MARLENE DEE GRAY POTOURA

LAE - So many kind hearted PNG Attitude readers have given my two children and me a wonderful Christmas. Your help has made us happy, as we have had a really tough time lately.

I write this article to tell my story and show that I work hard to try to make things happen. The kindness of readers pushes me forward to keep doing what I do.

Thank you for your kindness. I wish you all a prosperous new year.

My children’s father brought me to Lae from Port Moresby in 2005 when my son was around five months old.

In 2006, I got a job at the Salvation Army school as its deputy principal. At the end of 2009 I was offered the role of principal with a full sponsorship to do a master’s degree in leadership at Divine Word University. But instead I resigned because I wanted to start a learning centre for the sake of my son, who had a  disability, and other children with parents who worried whether they were properly taken care of.

So I wrote a letter to the Lions Club here in Lae asking if I could use their building in Eriku to operate a learning centre and if I could pay the bond fee and rentals at the end of January 2010.

My daughter was seven months old that December when I left the Salvation Army school, keys at the ready to gain access to Lions Hall, a pleasant building.  I set high standards and offered a progressive reading program and turned it into one of the best learning centres in Lae. 

From 2011 to 2013, the Sylbeez Hive Learning Centre (‘Where your child is taught to love school, enjoy school and see the sweetness in learning’) prospered, enrolling more than 200 students. Children came from 65 km away.  I was not ready for how my school flourished. It was unbelievable.

But, as always seems inevitable in Papua New Guinea, trouble brewed.

First my marriage started crumbling. Then a jealous rival holding a position in the Education Department and also operating his own school in the settlement areas, began to undermine my project.

He wrote me numerous letters questioning my tenancy of the Lions Hall, saying it belonged to the special education school because it was on their land.

The matter intensified, I became extremely anxious and in Term 2, 2014, I left the Hall and moved the school out of town to the Telikom College Library at the back of the University of Technology.

I had to buy a school van to transport children back and forth and also hired two coaster buses for the same purpose.

Despite that, it was a very poor choice to move the school out of town. I faced numerous problems and still live with the aftermath.

Because we were far from town, most parents continued to use the buses to send their children to school – but many began to skip paying fees. They still owe me fees but whenever I meet them I smile and never mention the outstanding fees.

Gradually the bills began to overtake me.

At the beginning of 2015, we continued at Telikom College, hoping for a brighter year, but the bills were suffocating me.

Then, during the year, a 14-year old male relative came to live with me to attend school and forced himself on my babysitter, who also lived in my household. This was a time of heartache, it required compensation and triggered a family feud that carries on to this day.

My school was struggling and I was faced with problems that needed money to fix.

I moved the school library, materials and students’ tables and chairs to a flat I rented and locked the other furniture at the Telikom College, where it remains.

And sadly I closed the school.

In 2016, I got a teaching job at the Salvation Army school. A few students still came to my flat for classes, taught by a teacher I employed. Then in October that year, a fire started in the flat and we were chased away by opportunistic neighbours at four in the morning. Our belongings were left behind and most of them subsequently stolen.

I reopened Sylbeez in 2017 and, still in my teaching job, employed a teacher and an assistant to teach. The enrolment was small, around 10 children and the rental was K2,000 monthly.

This year I resigned from my teaching job, thinking I would get the school back to how it had been but 2018 was to become my worst year of struggle.

Around 15 children enrolled but the water was disconnected in February due to non-payment of bills by the landlord. Parents moved children to other schools. I was left with seven students, but by the end of the eyar the parents of just four were paying their fees.

I got senselessly robbed on 22 of February. My kids and I had to move out of our comfortable flat at Tent City and lived in a room at the school. I couldn’t afford to rent two places.

The school was in a totally run down building without running water, and in November, just a week before my son’s graduation, we were robbed clean again.

At that time of deep despair, I wrote an angry piece on Facebook and PNG Attitude came to my assistance.

In my next article, I will write about what I am doing to plan the rebirth of my school in 2019.

Empathy & collaboration key to shared global growth & prosperity

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Davis Cousar
Davis Cousar

DAVIS COUSAR | Independent Mail

ANDERSON, SOUTH CAROLINA USA - It was 9 pm Monday in Australia’s Brisbane airport, and we were headed to Papua New Guinea for the 2018 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit.

The seven of us, all Furman University students and faculty, had been travelling for two days and were looking forward to getting our bags and checking into our hotel to take a warm shower, change clothes and sleep before our flight to PNG the next morning.

We waited at baggage claim for our luggage … and waited … and waited. Our bags didn’t appear. The woman at the service desk said our bags were nowhere to be found, but she assured us they would be located and placed on the next flight to PNG.

As it turns out, when we arrived the next afternoon, our bags weren’t there.

The APEC Summit began in 1989 as an informal meeting between 12 Asia-Pacific economies seeking to increase trade and collaboration in the region. Today, APEC consists of 21 Pacific-Rim economies that work together to create inclusive and sustainable growth.

Each November, leaders from the public, private, and non-profit sectors convene for the annual APEC summit in a major city of an APEC economy. Last year, APEC was held in Da Nang, Vietnam. This year, it was in Port Moresby.

In conjunction with the CEO Summit, APEC hosts a ‘Voices of the Future’ Program where youth delegates from each of the 21 member economies come together to learn about each other’s economies, discuss important issues and draft a declaration expressing their shared values.

This year, five Furman students were selected to represent the United States as youth delegates, and our trip was made possible by the Richard W Riley Institute at Furman. 

All of the events at APEC required business attire, which is a problem when your luggage has travelled elsewhere.

Thankfully, though, some of our fellow student delegates from Australia, New Zealand and Chinese-Taipei offered to lend us clothes. I was even loaned the ‘business boots’ that are currently trending in Australia.

Perhaps this situation can serve as an analogy for what international collaboration could and should look like.

We arrived at the conference and were honest about our shortcomings and flaws. Individuals from other countries were able to use their resources to help us solve our problem, and as a result, the entire APEC Summit was better off for it.

(Not only would we have been embarrassed without business wear, but, given that we’d already spent two days traveling in our original clothes, whoever was sitting beside us would have suffered as well.)

If countries could similarly come together with a desire to understand and help one another create the best world possible, international relations would be filled with more altruism and less avarice.

Unfortunately, this was not the case at this year’s APEC conference; in fact, it was the most divisive to date. For the first time in history, the APEC economies could not agree on a joint statement, and the summit ended in disarray due to rising tensions between the United States and China.

For many, this was cause for severe disappointment. Yet, we students have a different perspective.

The APEC Youth Forum was filled with delegates who believe that empathy and collaboration are key to creating a shared future of global growth and prosperity. We learned from and were challenged by the diverse ideas and opinions of our new-found friends and colleagues.

If this sentiment of compassion and empathy continues — the same sentiment that led delegates from around the world to share clothes with strangers — then there is hope, hope that a world can exist where international leaders work together to create a shared future with inclusion and the opportunity for prosperity for all.

And what about that lost luggage? Our bags finally arrived after the first day of the conference, so we learned something about patience as well.

Davis Cousar, a Furman University junior from Anderson, is a double major in politics and international affairs and economics

2018: An unsettled year for PNG

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May_Ron
Ron May

RONALD MAY | East Asia Forum

CANBERRA - It was a year of mixed outcomes for Papua New Guinea.

A 7.5 magnitude earthquake in the Highlands caused extensive landslides early in the year, killing more than 150 people and damaging houses, food gardens, roads, airstrips and buildings.

The quake’s epicentre was in the Southern Highlands in an area of major oil, gas and mining operations, which were forced to close-down and evacuate staff.

Local landowners demanded an investigation into the ‘causes’ of the earthquake, many believing that oil and gas extraction was responsible. A state of emergency was declared but relief operations were hampered by the remoteness of the affected areas and heavy rains and flooding.

The effects of the earthquake exacerbated problems in the Southern Highlands, which faces recurrent intergroup fighting and unresolved socio-economic grievances.

Landowners were promised royalty payments under an LNG Project Umbrella Benefits Sharing Agreement negotiated in 2009. But the implementation of this agreement has been hampered by the difficulties of identifying the legitimate claimants among contesting groups.

Having returned as prime minister in 2017, Peter O’Neill appeared to have consolidated his position, particularly after the supreme court quashed in December 2017 an arrest warrant against him over allegations of corruption. But hostility between O’Neill and his opponents dominated national politics this year.

Ongoing disputes over the results of the 2017 national election continued to occupy the courts. In June, the dismissal of an appeal against the election of Highlands Provincial MP and Governor William Powi (a member of O’Neill’s People’s National Congress) led to an angry mob rampaging through the provincial capital, Mendi.

The mob set fire to buildings and an Air Niugini aircraft that was parked on the runway of Mendi airport. A second state of emergency was declared in the province for a period of nine months and police and Defence Force personnel were deployed to Mendi.

With a referendum on the future political status of Bougainville to be held in 2019, awareness campaigns were stepped up in Bougainville. O’Neill promised that his government will ‘honour every word of the Bougainville Peace agreement’ but at the same time stressed “the need to have a united PNG”.

During the year the government granted autonomy status to East New Britain Province, promised autonomy to New Ireland Province and stated its intention to eventually replicate autonomy arrangements in the country’s other 18 provinces – though it might be argued that the 2019 budget further shifted fiscal powers to Waigani.

The main focus of Papua New Guinea’s leaders for much of 2018 was on preparations for the hosting of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) leaders’ summit in Port Moresby in November. With some 15,000 people from 21 countries attending, the logistical challenges were formidable and Papua New Guinea received substantial support from Australia, China, New Zealand, Indonesia, the United States and members of the Melanesian Spearhead Group.

The high level of spending (most notably a last-minute purchase of 40 Maserati cars that were air freighted to Port Moresby) was concentrated in the capital at a time when GDP growth forecasts had been downgraded and budget cuts to health and education were impacting the country’s predominantly rural population.

These factors contributed to growing criticisms of the government and two nationwide strikes. And in the days following the summit, a group of APEC Security Task Force personnel stormed the National Parliament to protest the late payment of allowances.

China’s support for the Port Moresby APEC summit is in part a reflection of China’s growing influence in the Pacific and in Papua New Guinea in particular. Chinese investment in and development assistance to Papua New Guinea — mostly through concessional loans — has increased rapidly in recent years.

In late 2017, agreements were signed for Chinese-funded infrastructure projects that totalled US$4.5 billion. And in June this year O’Neill led a delegation on a state visit to China, where he met with Chinese President Xi Jinping and signed up to the Belt and Road Initiative and a free trade agreement.

China’s increasing engagement with the Pacific is causing concern in Australia (and in the United States) and prompted a new push to maintain Australia’s influence in the region. The fourth Australia–PNG Bilateral Security Dialogue took place in Port Moresby in February, and later in the year then Australian foreign minister Julie Bishop and her successor Marise Payne (then defence minister) both visited PNG.

Prior to the APEC meeting Australia donated three patrol boats to boost Papua New Guinea’s maritime security. Around the same time the two countries announced plans to develop a joint naval base on Manus Island. The announcement came after reports that China might be involved in upgrading the strategically based port in Manus (having already worked on an expansion of Papua New Guinea’s largest port in Lae).

In November it was reported that the United States would partner with Australia and Papua New Guinea in the Manus Island base development. But the governor of Manus Province reacted negatively to the proposal.

He said there had been no prior consultation with the Manus provincial government and that after Manus’ bad experience with Australia’s offshore processing of asylum seekers, the development of the Manus naval base would not be welcome.

Ronald May is an Emeritus Fellow at the College of Asia Pacific, The Australian National University

Sixty-None

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Ward Barry (2)WARDLEY BARRY

There was a time when
mankind, manpower and sportsmanship
were just words, and you can have a
gentleman’s agreement with any woman.

Black and white were beautiful colours,
and blue was the colour of the sky on a sunny day.

Gay means happy and a hoe
was a gardening tool you fag with.

An ass was a donkey, a pussy was a cat
and only Maggie, our pet beagle, was a bitch.

69 was the number between 68 and 70,
or the sum of 5 and 64—oops!

My son, 8, came home from school one day
with a list of big words
and killed our Egyptian Mau.
It’s disgusting, Dad. You gotta be real careful!
From now on, say ‘sixty-NONE’.

I grew up too slow.

Taking risks, trying the new & some advice about screenwriting

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Wendall Thomas
Wendall Thomas - author & screenwriter

RASHMII BELL

“If what you’re doing does not have the possibility of failing then by definition you’re not doing anything new…. If you know how to do what it is you’re doing, and/or have seen it done before, then you’re not doing anything new. So the only way to do anything new or interesting is to open yourself  up to that risk of failing and in that sense I try to look at failure and success both as neutral things…this will be the way it will be worth anything at all, or it definitely won’t be if I don’t do that” (Charlie Kaufman, Masterclassmoderated by Marit Kapl, 2 February 2011, Goteborg International Film Festival)

BRISBANE - Against this stream of thought by American screen writer, producer and director Charlie Kaufman, I attempt to lay out a path of explanation for what I consider a milestone in how 13-year old PNG Attitude continues to evoke and develop the curiosity, imagination and writing technique of Papua New Guineans.

Throughout this year, my personal challenge to widen the reach and impact of the ‘My Walk to Equality’ project, has been to persist at taking risks; a decision to vary format and subject matter in my submissions to PNG Attitude.

The opportunities granted to me through the inaugural MWTE Writer Fellowship 2018 along with my first pilgrimage of the Kokoda Trail with trek tour operator, Adventure Kokoda.

The awarding of the fellowship by staunch supporter Paga Hill Development Company enabled a wide-ranging exposure to ideas, inspiration, discussion and debate for literary exposition.

And whilst the objective of staging a writers’ festival in Papua New Guinea stagnated, readers of PNG Attitude were invited to experience vicariously the benefits of the six-month fellowship through eight articles. In which I shared my learning, observations and personal reflections about Australian and international writers and highlighting the possibilities for PNG.

Unbeknownst to me at the beginning, the fellowship also fostered the boldest of my literary risks published by PNG Attitude.

Returning from my first pilgrimage along the Kokoda Trail, I sought to report on what I had seen, heard and discussed on-trek with tour operator Adventure Kokoda under the leadership of Charlie Lynn OAM OL.

Without a background in journalism but with exercise books filled with my hand-scrawled trek notes, fellowship learning and wise counsel, guiding framework and masterful editing by Keith Jackson AM, the seven article-series, ‘Trail of Woe’, shared insights of observed reality and what I perceived to be the disarray and mismanagement that plagues the Kokoda Trail wartime tourism industry.

In writing the thousands of words of the fellowship articles and ‘Trail of Woe’, I was conscious, sometimes paralysed, by the possibility of failure - the fear of failing in seeking to convey an idea, a message or an opinion in writing.

And yet exploring new subject matter and attempting different writing technique curbed my apprehension as I considered the exhilaration of possibilities that lay beyond my previous repertoire.

In my four years as a contributor to PNG Attitude and its online community and small band of loyal and generous sponsors, I have been given opportunities to try something new and to share my experience with PNG Attitude readers.

‘‘They’re like a lens, you’re looking through them and everything changes and nothing can be the same again’’ - a line from Tony Gilroy’s screenplay and film, ‘Michael Clayton’.

These words delivered by litigator ‘Arthur’ to plaintiff ‘Anna’ in a telephone conversation are memorable for the meaning they held in the moment I heard them.

I am not sure if Keith Jackson realised that agreeing (once again) to act as my benefactor for a recent Screen Queensland screenwriting event would translate to three consecutive days of me, sitting in a dimly lit room, munching my way through bags of M&Ms and sipping copious amounts of coffee as I watched hours and hours of film footage, including scenes from ‘Michael Clayton’.

The opportunity to spend hours of daytime in a cool dark space watching scenes from movies (with regular intervals to dissect and discuss with other humans) was truly living my ideal life.

Tony Gilroy’s resonant line emphasised not only my sense of belonging in that event but also my admiration for the lecturer’s quirky, heart-warming attachment to teaching using her well-worn VHS deck.

Having, as preparation, watched 80 full seasons of television series and countless feature films, American screenwriter, author and lecturer Wendall Thomas delivered the three-day screenwriting seminar, addressing elements for writers and film makers at all stages of the craft.

And as much as I’ve heard the brilliant Charlie Kaufman often suggest that he feels restricted by a framework, Thomas’s rationale for her teaching on writing a screenplay was invaluable for a beginner.

Snapshot of a 3-Day Screenwriting Seminar with Wendall Thomas

DAY ONE: An equation for creating great relationships on-screen: In television series, a starting point from which storyline and characters is developed are the use of tropes like siblings/family, boss/employee, partners/co-workers, human/non-human, unrequited love/former lover and friends/neighbours.

Thinking to series including The XFiles, Mork and Mindy, Kath and Kim, The Sopranos, Friends, Dawson’s Creek, and Downton Abbey, it is clear that the using a combination of tropes in a series ensures its longevity.

Like the use of tropes, a detailed formula also requires interplay of its various elements to create a lasting relationship between two characters.

Yet of all elements, I found most intriguing the importance of ‘secrets’ (and the pace at which they are revealed), the necessity of ‘outside pressures’ beyond the relationship, and encouraging the repetition of ‘location’ as a means of conveying the relationship dynamic. Especially so when considering my favourite fictional character-relationship dynamic, ‘Tony Soprano’ and his therapist ‘Dr Jennifer Melfi’ in the television series, The Sopranos.

DAY TWO: Dialogue is the said and unsaid: Vocabulary, rhythm, content and context are to be mastered by the screenwriter as dialogue is developed. Stoic, stream of consciousness, clipped, dispassionate, sing-song, confessional, anguished, bizarre, philosophical, terse, staccato were volunteered by seminar participants to describe dialogue from a broad catalogue of feature films they had viewed.

Repetition was again highlighted for its value to dialogue in creating a sense of mania, anxiety or comedy. Think of the pattern of emotions evoked through actor Cuba Gooding Jnr’s repetition of the infamous four-word line “Show me the money” in Jerry McGuire.

DAY THREE: Writing a scene: Thomas suggested that six questions should lead screenwriting and may be of particular help when re-writing. Why is the scene there? What are the physical circumstances of the scene? Are you using all the elements of the scene to your advantage? Does the scene have elements such as a ‘secret’? Why has the scene been placed in that particular spot in the screenplay? Do you have a transition?

All can be considered as a thread that weaves elements of a framework. Anchoring this concept for me is the singular scene from Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola’s, The Godfather.

In this scene, the camera pans across a decadent-sized bed, encased in in silk sheets. A man, dressed in equally luxurious silk pyjamas stirs from his sleep, responding to an eerie presence at the foot of his bed. In slow, steady pace, he peels back the sheets to reveal a thick trail of blood.

He continues to push the sheets away from him, toward the foot of the bed until coming into full view is the source of the blood. The severed head of one of his prized horses. The man lets out a harrowing scream.

The scene transitions to the bedroom balcony, then on to the outside, bringing into full view, one end of deceased horse owner’s majestic mansion. It is just on dawn with a breathtaking haze of pink and two-tone casts over the unseen horror within the grand walls.  

Well, that is an elementary offering, my humble interpretation of the masterful scene writing by Puzo and Coppola, whom for those willing to try in the face of failure and/or success, may be interested in pursuing, if open to risk and trying something new.

Mountain myths from Papua New Guinea

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Mt Giluwe
Mount Giluwe

RAYMOND SIGIMET

DAGUA - In Papua New Guinea, in traditional societies, mountains animate a sense of awe and malevolence. And they are also recognised as a source of life, spirituality and identity.

Where gods and goddesses reside in mountains in ancient Greek mythologies, ancestral spirits and masalai reside in mountains in PNG mythologies. In PNG, creation stories are augmented by origin and genealogy stories of an ancestor evolving or coming from the mountain.

In August 2008, I spent six weeks practice teaching at Pangia government station in the Southern Highlands. One of my lessons was a task directing students to write a traditional story.

Among the submissions were two mountain myths from the Ialibu-Pangia and Imbonggu. The main characters were Mount Ialibu and Mount Giluwe. Both tales were based on the premise of nature versus man. How Ialibu and Giluwe were able to influence and direct the lives of the people around them.

In their anthropomorphised state, these mountains displayed the characters and qualities akin to the gods and goddesses of ancient Western mythologies. They were able to talk, squabble, move and think like people.

The mountains felt that it was their right and in their powers to decide on the fate of the people around them. The people in turn accepted their fate and feared the mountains.

_______________

HOW MOUNT GILUWE SHARED ITS FOOD

This is a tale from the Imbonggu District which is located at the foot of Mount Giluwe. The soil in Imbonngu is not very fertile and there aren’t many crops grown there because all the food has been shared out to other places by the mountain.

Once the mountain came up with an idea and said, “Tomorrow, early in the morning, I’ll share all my food so all the people nearby must come and get a share each.”

Early the next morning while the Imbonngu people who live right at the foot of the mountain were still sleeping, the people from far away were already at the mountain. The mountain was pleased with them and gave them all the best food.

After the people from the distant areas were gone, the Imbonggu people arrived late with their big string bags and bilum. But, the mountain said, “Sorry, because you are late, all the best food was taken away by other people.”

Today, you will see that the soil in Imbonggu is still dry and you cannot grow the best crops there.

So if you are invited to an occasion, you must be the first person there because the first person gets the best treatment.

_______________

HOW MOUNT IALIBU AND MOUNT GILUWE SEPARATED

A long, long time ago, there were two big mountains named Ialibu and Giluwe. They were good friends and lived together. During that time Mount Giluwe existed where Mount Korome is.

One day, Mount Giluwe said, “There are too many people and animals around us, we must kill them all.” Mount Ialibu just listened and did not respond to what Mount Giluwe suggested.

Sometime later, Mount Ialibu got up and said, “We must have a meeting.”

They mumued greens and the two of them had their meeting after the mumu.

Mount Ialibu began by saying, “I do not like the way you talk. Please, can you change your mind. I want to live in front of people and I do not want to kill them. You must go and stay in the middle of the bush where there are no people.”

Mount Giluwe became angry and took the mumued greens and threw them on Mount Ialibu’s face. Mount Ialibu then took a stick and broke Mount Giluwe’s teeth.

Today if you travel from Ialibu Station to Wagum Junction, you can see Mount Giluwe with broken teeth. And when you go to Mount Giluwe, it is not safe to use the bush, cut down trees or do according to your own will. It will kill you when you do wrong things.

_______________

Even though these two tales are basic in form and composition like all Papua New Guinea myths, legends and fables, they describe well the geography of the region and the natural formation of the mountains as seen by the local people.

During the six weeks I was in this part of PNG, I noticed that some crops did not grow well because of the poor quality of the land. And while Mount Ialibu has a nice crown of green forest, at its summit Mount Giluwe has rows of jagged volcanic rocks.

These natural features are visible when you are on the road to Ialibu-Pangia or to Mendi. And these features are visible and captured well in these two simple tales.

I would like to acknowledge George Pope of 9C2 and Samson Tirick of 9C1 for the above stories, as well as, the 2008 Grade 9 students of Pangia High School (now secondary school)


Transparency tells us something of its anti-corruption year

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Daphne Caruana Galizia
Transparency gave its 2018 Anti-Corruption Award to Daphne Caruana Galizia, Malta’s leading investigative journalist, who was assassinated in October 2017. The last words she wrote: “There are crooks everywhere, the situation is desperate.” Her killers have not been found

STAFF WRITER | Transparency International

BERLIN - As 2018 draws to a close, we want to look back on the year in corruption.

From the African Union declaring 2018 the “year of anti-corruption" to the Summit of the Americas’ overarching anti-corruption theme, the cause of anti-corruption has been high on the global agenda.

The year started with the launch of our Anti-Corruption Knowledge Hub, a dedicated online space for research on corruption.

In the spring, the Corruption Perceptions Index demonstrated the link between corruption and violence against the press and shrinking space for civil society, both worrying trends continuing throughout the year. 

Over the summer, following our critical report, the International Maritime Organisation, the United Nations shipping agency, finally set ambitious emissions reduction targets in line with the Paris Agreement. 

We also analysed and made recommendations on a proposed EU-wide whistleblower protection directive  — which politicians have now voted to adopt. A welcome step. 

In autumn, we held the International Anti-Corruption Conference (IACC) in Copenhagen, where over 1,600 participants gathered to discuss and pioneer the fight against corruption. 

During the conference, the 2018 Anti-Corruption Award recognised Spanish whistleblower Ana Garrido Ramos and the late Maltese journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia for their fearlessness and integrity in speaking truth to power.

Also noteworthy at the IACC was the high-level segment, where government ministers and leaders from different sectors issued commitments and a joint statement to advance anti-corruption efforts. 

We know all too well, however, that leaders often make statements like these, then fail to fulfil their promises. That is why we monitor whether governments are honouring their anti-corruption commitments. 

For example, this year we found the G20 dragging its feet on implementing its own principles for tackling the shell companies that fuel corruption.

Similarly, through the B20 and C20, who released two historic joint statements ahead of the G20 in Argentina, we urged G20 countries to step up their efforts.

As winter approached, we celebrated our 25th anniversary and on International Anti-Corruption Day featured the power of people pressure to bring about positive change.

Finally, with our partners we highlighted revelations about the proliferation of dirty money in Europe through ‘golden visa’ schemes, shady deals in the Maldives, and continued to pressure politicians following the Azerbaijani Laundromat. 

There isn’t enough space to highlight all accomplishments this year, however do check out some of the fantastic work from our chapters.

From all of us at Transparency International, we thank you for your support and making our work possible. We wish you a peaceful end to 2018 and a fair and prosperous 2019.

Descendants protest museum's removal of Pacific treasures

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Richard Parkinson
Richard Parkinson – descendants of the world-renowned anthropologist warn his ''gift of history'' will be marginalised

LINDA MORRIS | Sydney Morning Herald | Extracts

SYDNEY - The Australian Museum's decision to move a world-class collection offsite to make way for a touring exhibition has sparked protests from descendants of a distinguished Danish anthropologist.

After the Garden Palace fire of 1882 destroyed all but a handful of museum artefacts, the Australian Museum turned to Richard Parkinson, his wife Phebe and her sister, Emma Coe Forsayth, known as Queen Emma, to rebuild its collection.

Between them, the pioneers - who established plantations in the New Guinea islands in 1879 - provided more than 4,000 items from 1882 to 1884 alone, and continued donations until 1911, forming a core part of the 60,000 objects that are currently housed at the museum.

The objects would become records of times past that would astonish and inform future generations, the museum's then head of anthropology, Jim Specht, predicted.

But the Pacific collection is to be ejected as a result of a $57.5 million expansion of Australia's oldest museum to stage the blockbuster Tutankhamun exhibition and accommodate peak predictions of nine new visitors every minute.

In a submission made to the Department of Planning's Environmental Impact Statement, 157 descendants of Parkinson and the sisters now residing in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States have protested the relocation and warned this ''gift of history'' would be further marginalised if it is boxed and moved offsite.

''We recognise the obvious lack of floor space at the museum but lament the Pacific - our region, our geographical location, our home - has been on a lower priority rung to other areas and so-called blockbusters," the submission said.

“Commercial values should never trump cultural values. Pacific communities especially should have more, not less, access to objects sacred and spiritual to them."

But the museum contends that the current storage facilities at the Australian Museum's William Street site did not provide the optimum environment for the collection.

Existing space was inaccessible to visitors, provided no area for examination, research or privacy, and low ceilings and narrow aisles meant it was difficult to view or retrieve objects, the museum said.

Many larger objects from the Pacific collection were already housed offsite at Castle Hill due to space constraints.

Manager of Pacific and International Collections Dr Michael Mel said the move to the new facility would enable greater access and opportunities for community workshops, visits, and discussion.

"We will also be encouraging more collaborations and partnerships with Pacific researchers, artists, and community leaders to develop the knowledge and information relating to the Pacific collection so that these can become accessible for all for our shared future," Dr Mel said.

“We want to collaborate more with communities and elders, the holders of knowledge and wisdom from the Pacific, and we are committed to developing partnerships with these communities and their elders.”

Some people mock & deride refugees. Here’s why you should not

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KEITH JACKSON

Henry Lowig
Professor Henry Lowig

NOOSA - On Saturday, Father Bob Maguire [@FatherBob] was attacked on Twitter by journalist Chris Kenny, former politician Alexander Downer and once Labor now Liberal political-hopeful Warren Mundine.

The elderly priest who describes himself as “patron of the unloved and unlovely” had drawn a comparison between the barbed wire that fenced in the World War II concentration camp at Auschwitz and the conditions prevailing for refugees on Manus and Nauru, a link which had enraged the three chumps.

I tweeted in response to them: “My father-in-law lost most of his family in the Theresienstadt concentration camp. My wife is horrified at the Australian government's treatment of refugees. She recognises the same elements of cruelty & inhumanity, sickness & death, present in Manus & Nauru.”

I note here, in further defence of Father Bob, the words of the Auschwitz Memorial: “When we look at Auschwitz we see the end of the process. It's important to remember that the Holocaust actually did not start from gas chambers. This hatred gradually developed from words, stereotypes & prejudice through legal exclusion, dehumanisation & escalating violence.”

I want to reprise here the story of my father-in-law, Henry Lowig, written by his grandson Ben Jackson at the time a book on Henry’s life and career was published in 2012. It is a salutary story of hatred, refugeeism and redemption.

Tasmania’s forgotten mathematician is remembered in new book

BEN JACKSON

The Forgotten Mathematician by Martina Bečvářová, Antonín Slavík, Jindřich Bečvář and Vlastimil Dlab, v 50 History of Mathematics Series, Charles University, Prague, February 2012

When Dr Henry Lowig fled from Prague to Hobart by way of London in 1948 to take up a position of lecturer in mathematics at the University of Tasmania, he had just survived not only a very bad War but also an appalling Peace.

Hobart was to become his sanctuary and its university a place of serenity in which he could pursue a lifelong passion for mathematics.

It had been mathematics that had provided him with a small isle of sanity amid the ocean of madness he had experienced in Czechoslovakia during World War II and during what for him was its brutal aftermath.

Henry was born in Prague in 1904 to a Jewish father and a German mother, and it was this blend of parentage that was eventually to cause so much family tragedy and personal suffering.

*******

In 2012 in Prague, Czech Republic, 'The Forgotten Mathematician', a book on Henry Lowig’s life and prodigious output as a mathematician was launched.

Officially forgotten, that is.  Back in the 1940s, to depart the embrace of Communism in his Czech homeland was a criminal act and the perpetrator condemned and never to be acknowledged thereafter .

But Hobart, Australia, welcomed Henry, and he repaid the debt by gaining his second doctorate and lecturing in mathematics at the University of Tasmania.

In Tasmania, a life that had been blighted by war and discrimination - first of all as a ‘half caste’ Jew and then, under post-war Czech rule, as a man of German origin - was transformed by family, career and the untrammelled pursuit of mathematics.

Henry achieved a normality of existence that, a year previously, he had thought unattainable.

Always a studious man, and something of a prodigy, Henry earned his first doctoral degree in 1928 at age 23 for a thesis on periodic difference equations.

The development of his career and research was interrupted in 1938 with the signing of the Munich Pact and the call up of Czechoslovak men for military training. By the time Henry had completed this, and he was by no means a natural born soldier, Europe was on the brink of war.

Things quickly got bad in Prague.  Fascist and anti-Semitic sentiments were on the rise, including within the academic community, and racist regulations were gazetted making Jews and ‘half castes’ unemployable.  Henry’s career was in ruins.

But it was more than a career that was at stake: the livelihood, and lives, of the Lowig family were also on the line. Henry’s Jewish father was arrested by the Gestapo, placed on a register of Jewish residents and eventually shipped off to Theresienstadt concentration camp. A little more than a week later he was dead.

The Jewish side of Henry’s family, except for some cousins who had seen the writing on the wall and fled to England before the war, similarly disappeared.

Henry, by now officially designated a ‘half-caste’ Jew, was unemployed for three years (much of which he spent in Prague libraries with his mathematics) until, in 1943, he was assigned to work as an unskilled labourer at a metal works.

Unsuited as he was for such employment, he regarded it as a mere inconvenience. His more ominous fear was of transportation to a Jewish ghetto, labour camp or concentration camp.

Less than two months after the death of his father in August 1944, Henry’s anxiety was realised. He was transported in a railway wagon to the German labour camp at Klettendorf. Thence followed three other labour camps. The future seemed bleak, many of his fellow labourers were despatched to concentration camps.  But Henry survived.

In May 1945, the German instrument of surrender was signed and Henry was told he was free to go. After eight months imprisonment he returned to Prague where he discovered his mother had been arrested for being German.

Henry intervened successfully to have his mother released but, having been born in the Sudetenland and now regarded as German, in a climate of post-war paranoia he again found it impossible to gain employment.

Bereft of her husband and most of her family, Henry’s mother left for London in 1948, where she would live the rest of her life - a disillusioned and bitter woman. Henry was offered and accepted a position at the University of Tasmania and also left Czechoslovakia, never to return.

In Hobart, Henry was joined by his Prague sweetheart, Libby, who he married in 1949.

He continued his research, gaining his second doctorate, Doctor of Science in mathematics, in 1951.

He and Libby purchased their first house in the suburb of Taroona, had two children and became Australian citizens in 1954. The second – and more normal – half of Henry’s life had begun.

Later appointed a Professor at the University of Alberta in Canada, Henry died in 1995 at the age of 90.

The most venomous snakes in Papua New Guinea

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Papuan taipan
Papuan taipan

RAYMOND SIGIMET

DAGUA - Most people have an instinctive fear of snakes, which is believed to be evolutionary. Researchers think the fear came about as a prehistoric survival mechanism but this does not explain why humans do not fear other predatory animals as much.

Ophidiophobia (also ophiophobia) is the word used to describe this human fear of snakes. It is a sub-category of herpetophobia, the general fear of reptiles like snakes and lizards.

There is mild ophidiophobia where any encounter with snakes brings fear. And there is extreme ophidiophobia in an abnormal fear of snakes.

In extreme ophidiophobia, sufferers develop physical and psychological stress when near snakes, shown images of snakes or told stories about snakes.

New Guinea rough-scaled death adder
New Guinea rough-scaled death adder

Snakes can be found on all continents except Antarctica and in all places where there is year round snow cover all which are very isolated. They are believed to have descended from burrowing or aquatic lizards during the dinosaur age.

In Papua New Guinea, there are more than 80 different species of snake, and it is believed there are species yet to be discovered. Six of these species are extremely venomous and are responsible for all reported cases of snake bite in the country,

The most dangerous include the Papuan taipan; the smooth-scaled New Guinea death adder; the rough-scaled New Guinea death adder; the New Guinea brown snake; the Papuan black snake and the New Guinea small-eyed snake.

The taipan, brown and black snakes are endemic in certain parts of the southern region. The death adders are in almost all parts of mainland New Guinea and nearby islands. The small-eyed snake occurs in northern PNG and is less distributed in the southern region. They mainly feed on rodents, small mammals, ground birds, lizards, frogs, eels - and other snakes

It is worth noting that these snakes are not found in the New Guinea islands region.

Their habitat includes kunai and pitpit areas, savannah grassland and woodland, and lowland swamps and forest. They can be found near residential areas or human habitation, on the side of walking tracks, in and around garden plots, near (and in) pit toilets, and in coconut plantations and cocoa blocks. That is, just about everywhere.

The Papuan taipan, New Guinea brown and Papuan black are all diurnal, usually coming out during the day. Both New Guinea death adders and the New Guinea small-eyed snakes are nocturnal.

Bites from these snakes can be lethal. The venom contain toxins that can destroy nerve endings and muscles, cause irreversible paralysis, spontaneous bleeding or blood clots as well as heart problems and kidney failure.

Papuan black
Papuan black

All these snakes are generally shy and inoffensive when they move about. They try to avoid human contact but will become aggressive if provoked. They only attack when there is a perceived threat or when they are handled, stepped-on and otherwise disturbed or touched.

Port Moresby-based Charles Campbell Toxinology Centre estimates around 1,000 deaths each year from snakebite in PNG. But it is likely there are many unreported cases.

The centre, in cooperation with universities in PNG and Australia, is now collating data and conducting research into snakebites and anti-venoms. Its PNG snakebite partnership project is currently involved in the distribution of anti-venom around the country.

In the Dagua area of East Sepik Province, where I live, death adders and small-eyed snakes are common. They occur around sago, in swamps, kunai and woodlands, and along forest hills. Apart from snakebites, poisonous bites and stings can also come from large ground lizards, centipedes and scorpions.

In Dagua, the small-eyed snake is called ‘rohihim’ in the Arapesh language. It is a main cause of snakebite and is feared. A nocturnal predator, it can move fast and hunts in sago swamps and along the forest floor near small streams.

A common resting place for the rohihim is under the dry leaf litter of the fruit-bearing taun tree. When coconut plantations were introduced, it would rest under piles of coconut husks. With experience, people stopped piling up old coconut husks on their blocks.

New Guinea small-eyed snake (Rohihim)
New Guinea small-eyed snake (rohihim)

Hunters at night have trained their ears to distinguish the sound of the rohihim as it moves along. It produces a distinctive noise as it moves over dry sago pangal (fronds) and undergrowth. Hunters can differentiate rohihim from bandicoots, frogs and other nocturnal creatures.

The rohihim is aggressive. It has been observed engaging in death struggles with adult eels and is known to feed on juvenile eels. People describe the rohihim and eels as lifelong natural enemies.

The rohihim is also considered cunning and vengeful. When disturbed, it will move away only to return under cover to attack the person or anyone close by. It is believed that a bite from a young rohihim is more lethal.

These snakes are killed wherever and whenever people come across them. People defend their action saying, “If this snake is not killed, it is going to bite someone in future. It must be killed.”

Wishing our many readers & contributors all the very best for 2019

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2019

In 2018 PNG Attitude published 978 posts and 2,980 comments

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