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XOX - meeting place of champions

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Vision City MallALURIGO RAVURISO-KALI

HA! An XOX? A rare champion of a cause for another cause. By a woman.

Imagine that lady over there, see, might actually be a champion. One who dares to walk her dream. Awe inspiring? You bet! Meet the XOX: You are the champion!  

A rainbow of emotions. Diverse beauty. Strong. Simple love. Gentle. Kind. Radiant. Happy. Respectful. Grateful. Sincere. Humble. Open. Friendly. Courageous. Funny. Fearless. Every day each XOX commits to master one of these virtues.

Through my ‘XOX: You are the Champion’ program, I have been coaching three amazing women entrepreneurs. Since October 2016. No charge, just serving them to become champions.

Smiling, they hug each other. Hey? How are you? Ooh, nice dress! I love your hair! How’s Mum? We meet every second Sunday at 2pm sharing vegetable spring rolls and Chinese tea, just K26 J which we share and pay for. We sit and chat at a lovely eatery at Vision City (VC), which is the place to shop and eat in bustling Port Moresby.  

They all left employment and decided to become entrepreneurs. The money they make from sales helps pay rent, bills, fees and buy school and household needs. We plan: a virtue to practice as a habit. Setting weekly goals, create expenditure budgets, build our lists of existing and new clients while retaining friendly relationships.

Each XOX is vibrant and has exceptional skills. They make friends easily, have beautiful smiles, are well groomed and are learning to be aware of the personalities they project.

They undoubtedly believe that the meetings have been a well of inspiration, helping them with success. As I coach, I use Napoleon Hill’s Think and Grow Rich concepts that behind any business success is a powerful engaging personality.

Dianne

Dianne was a flight attendant. Nowadays, she lives at Ensisi Valley. She is the breadwinner for her family and sells clothing to working women and shop owners. She employs two other female staff.

Di wakes up at 4am and goes through her daily to do list. She reviews her day at around 9pm and plans the next day. She pays agents an agreed weekly commission based on the sales she makes.

Previously Di tried selling at two locations (VC and Waigani) by sharing monthly rentals with another entrepreneur friend but this fell through.

A natural blondie, Di has an infectious smile that illuminates her personal goal to make people happy.  

Sarea

Sarea rents a stall at the Women in Business (WiB) Steamships warehouse next to CPL just off Waigani Drive. This is a great initiative of Janet Sape, founder of the WiB, who is an amazing entrepreneur helping colleague women entrepreneurs.

Each woman entrepreneur pays a monthly stall rent of K1,000 to sell their products. Sarea employs her sister who runs the stall selling ladies dresses, blouses, skirts, handbags and shoes for both men and women.

Sarea lives near Mahuru with her sister and their frail mother who they care for. The earnings from the stall help buy medication for their mother.

Sarea has a job where she works on a shift basis. Always exquisitely dressed, soft spoken, she’d rather listen than speak.

She passionately believes in quality relationships and seeks out extraordinary women entrepreneurs to share business success experiences. Her desire led to the start of our meetings.

Monica

Monica is in the catering business and employs her sister to sell cooked food at the WiB stall she rents. She also has interests in property with a small business where she works on a commission basis buying and selling real estate.

She lives with her family in a rented unit at Ensisi Valley and often sits quietly listening to the others and shares in the discussion when it is about figuring out how to manage family and marriage challenges. She wants to be an influencer and live by example in marriage and as a woman entrepreneur.

Tiare

Tiare is single and the youngest at 33. She just joined the group when Sarea brought her along to our end of year mini workshop.

Tiare is an expert pastry baker for events to supplement her fortnightly salary. She baked a double layered frosty chocolate Christmas cake for the WiB. Would you accept that the cost of that cake was about the same as her fortnight salary at a posh hotel?

The XOX excitedly suggested an ad Tiare’s Taste! Hey, that’s a great marketing ad! Add a picture of saliva dripping gloriously layered cake and off you go!

Tiare smiles. “I want to get into business to show my appreciation to my parents. They encourage me to have a go, share the word of God and pray for me. I earned my bakery certificate over six months and my parents were there every step of the way. I’d sleep just two hours, do my homework and rush off to work. To be my own pastry cook is saying thanks to my parents.”

My walk with equality.

Drinking coffee and eating muffins we completed our half day mini workshop at the WiB Resource Centre. Revisiting personal life purposes and applauded achievements while reviewing challenges for positive action.

Finally we draft our individual strategies for 2017 including marketing, action plans, goals, targets, budgets, evaluation and monitoring.

Uplifted, we thank Mona Endehipa for allowing us to use the resource centre.

We vow to make others happy, be positive examples in our family, nurture quality relationships and care for our parents.

We agreed to secure a central location, sharing rent and to operate our businesses the best way we know we can in 2017 as we walk with equality.

XOX.


Can Gary Juffa become PNG’s Bernie Sanders?

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GaryBerniePHIL FITZPATRICK

I THINK that everyone would agree that 2017 is going to be an interesting year. Hopefully it will not be too disastrous.

There will be elections in France, Netherlands, Germany, Papua New Guinea and possibly Italy and Australia if Turnbull implodes.

Donald Trump will rearrange the deckchairs on the good ship USA and both Australia and PNG will have to reconsider their relationships with a faltering great power, particularly in terms of defence, security and trade.

But as minor powers neither Australia nor PNG seems to have the clout or the leadership capable of doing much more than reconsidering.

For our mutual benefit in uncertain times, PNG and Australia should be drawing together and perhaps taking a lead from New Zealand, which has long eschewed dependence on the USA.

This lack of leadership is a curious problem.

Veteran Australian social commentator Hugh Mackay observes in his latest book, Beyond Belief: How We Find Meaning, With or Without Religion, that all organisations eventually become corrupt and I think this is the core of the problem.

He includes organised religion, political parties and corporations in this sweeping statement, explaining that once these organisations start to rot from the inside there isn’t much that can be done. The only real solution is to scrap them and start over.

There are some clear indications that many people in the world are beginning to think this way. There are even suggestions that democracy, and capitalism, have been corrupted and have run their course.

The symptoms of this growing train of thought are the popularity of minor parties and political movements, which are evolving in two distinct ways.

The first is the rise of reactionary groups, like Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Party. I think these are only short term aberrations that will flower, wilt and die quickly as people realise how hypocritical, hollow, divisive and ineffective they are.

The second symptom is more interesting and epitomised by Bernie Sanders, the independent socialist from Vermont who gave Hillary Clinton, the Wall Street insider, a good run for her money and would probably have beaten the great fraud Donald Trump in the US presidential race.

Bernie’s support comes from a re-energised young demographic that includes whites, blacks, Hispanics and other minorities, many of whom hadn’t voted before until he came along. Being an old hippie, he also has support from a significant section of educated baby boomers – now in their sixties and seventies.

Bernie probably won’t run for president again, although he hasn’t ruled out the idea, but someone in his movement just might, perhaps his son Levi.

We haven’t got anyone like Bernie in Australia but PNG has got Gary Juffa.

In Australia neither the Labor Party nor the Greens, both supposedly socialist leaning, represent this new wave of change.

A lot of what Gary has been talking about resonates with what Bernie has been espousing. This is very clear when you read Bernie’s book, Our Revolution: A Future to Believe In.

Bernie started off in local government in the small state of Vermont and was mayor of Burlington for some years. He observed then how councils inevitably drift from supporting ordinary people to supporting business. Gary has been making this point about PNG politics.

PNG probably has a better chance than Australia in creating a progressive political party simply because things are so bad there and its political parties are such ephemeral bodies.

A lot of people realise this, particularly PNG women, and the time is ripe for the emergence of something new.

PNG politicians seem to come and go – enticed by the rewards of office - and government is thoroughly corrupted.

Medieval thinking, like the bigman and wantok systems, are still too pervasive and are no longer helpful to an honest society.

These are the influences that will have to be defeated by the relatively small group of intellectuals and activists forming around Governor Juffa.

Such a crusade is a big ask but no one expected Bernie Sanders to do as well as he did in this year’s United States elections.

Perhaps when Gary Juffa has finished in PNG he can come to Australia to give us a hand.

Love your haters: success is always the best revenge

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Gary JuffaGARY JUFFA

I LOVE haters! These guys are amazing fuel. They rock. Love you guys. Keep it coming.

Their mindless drivel, hate-driven rhetoric and outrageous falsified claims are something else.

Most are weak cowards who never dared to dream and hate those with dreams for their country.

Haters are important to progress. Their teeth-gnashing and bitter, bile-infused hatred can be a catalyst for change.

They can point out issues from a different perspective and, despite their negativity, may help you see things you may otherwise have not seen.

So see haters not as negatives but as positives that can be useful for development and progress.

Much can be achieved by those who are determined to prove the haters wrong.

Haters. Without them you would get too comfortable, like a ship in harbour – safe but going nowhere.

They inspire and energise the creative, innovative spirit like nothing else. You can use hate.

For instance, if you hate disparity, marginalisation and spineless corrupt politicians you can be angry enough to do something about them.

So embrace haters. Tip your collective hats to them and raise glasses and toast them.

And always remember that success is the greatest revenge.

So to all the haters: Giant hugs and all the best hating in 2017.

2016 was a dark year. In 2017 will we vote for change?

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Peter KinjapPETER S KINJAP

AS we start the fresh year of 2017, I want to reflect on things of the year gone by, 2016, which was not an easy road for anti-corruption leaders, individuals, institutions and movements.

In the short history of PNG, 2016 will be a year marked by the reign of corruption peaking and the anti-corruption movement collapsing.

As journalist Sally Andrew said in The Diplomat: “Backstabbing, factionalism and dramatic abuses of power have led the battle against corruption in PNG to take on Shakespeare drama, as the National Fraud and Anti-Corruption Directorate locks horns with high profile government figures, including the attorney general and prime minister".

That was on 22 April, a black week for PNG in a black year in its history.

2016 was a year that tested the government system and government institutions that were originally built for the nation and its people.

In previous years, when there were sizable numbers on both sides of parliament, the debates were closely contested and usually hot.

But now that money matters, most MPs are packed on the government benches and we observe a situation where less than 10 MPs are in opposition.

At one point, only one MP was in opposition, former leader Belden Namah.

A previous government had made legislative amendments governing the distribution of district and provincial service improvement funds.

These have been used selectively to support government MPs and have contributed to the downfall of the opposition.

Even if the recognise that the government is corrupted, MPs want to remain on its side for the sake of their district and provincial funds. The district funds alone total K50 million for each MP.

It is a forlorn argument to say that an ethical government should not use these funds as part of the political numbers game.

DSIP and PSIP funds have become the lifeline of sitting members in PNG politics.

An honest government would unleash the chain around MPs necks by making regular payments of DSIP/PSIP funds into district and provincial treasuries regardless of where MPs sit on either side of parliament.

Instead the government is directly manipulating what rightfully belongs to the people to preserve its power and maintain itself in office.

If the DSIP/PSIP funds are kept away from the floor of parliament, the former glory days of government and opposition will re-emerge. This would mean a reduction in the amount of corruption PNG is facing today.

In May we will decide who should get into parliament for another five years and who should not. The power to make that choice is in your hands. The people will have their say. You will be the judge and jury.

Gender equality: Women must not be victims of a zero sum game

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Tanya-zeriga-aloneTANYA ZERIGA-ALONE

LIFE is a series of cycles.  The mitosis, the circadian cycle, the menstruation cycle, gestation, and the big one that encompasses them all is the life cycle – birth, senescence and death.

This is as nature intended; that we successfully pass on our genes. 

Humans have developed habits to give our genes the best chance of survival. These habits become culture; culture, both good and bad becomes a way of life and children are immersed in it from birth. 

The women used to be a revered gender because she was the garden that grew the tribe. Sex was just a holy dance for procreation.

She struggled for monogamy as a way of ensuring her investment for a better future is secured. He hunted while she nurtured the future generation. The man and the woman complemented each other. 

But the circumstances that has shaped our genes and culture has changed. We are not living tribal lives anymore.

Gone are the days of wild animals and caves and the unknown. The woman does not need a protector anymore.

Indeed, the world as a whole, has evolved to be a woman’s world.

In the safety and security of this era, the woman is given opportunities to reinvent herself. This is because she has time - time she did not have in the past being involved with child rearing.

Today, she is encouraged to get an education and a job and become independent before considering marriage and children. She is encouraged to take on more male roles.

The life code has not changed at the same rate as the passing circumstances. The DNA from our forefathers is still swirling in our life blood: that man is built for hunting and protecting and leadership while woman is crafted for nurturing and supporting her man and family.

Even if she can now pay for what she wants with money, her dilemma is that she is still bound to her culture and her DNA.

Though liberated through education, yet not expunged from her duties; though liberated from gender restrictive ideologies, yet not free from the gender specific instructions in here genes. 

It is in the woman to want to submit, to serve and to follow the lead of a man, but the catch: the man has to lead. 

While giving more opportunities for woman to grow, the world seems to have assumed that man needs no adjustment and are doing just fine.  How wrong can we get?

In the absence of leadership by man, including leadership on women’s issues, she is getting restless and frustrated. It seems the harder she pushes for equality, the force of domination coming back is equally hard. 

There has been increased injustice against woman perpetrated by man. Some of these include using woman as scapegoats in sorcery and witchcraft cases, polygamy, sexual assaults and using girls as a tribal bargaining chip.

Even the government seems powerless to stop violence and injustice against women.

The increased domination of women seems to be a signal that the opposite gender needs attention.  As a race, the male species have been neglected more than the female.

While she has programs for empowerment, he is expected to lead by instinct.  But boys also need to be interned into the ways of life.  

With the loss of the ‘hausman’ (traditional men’s house – source of cultural heritage and instruction) and extended kin, the man has lost the training and initiation rites that signify that a boy has now become a man with a man’s responsibilities.

This loss of purpose has not been replaced adequately in a way that lacks equivalence to that which is happening with the women.

To empower and accept the changing identity of woman, therefore, is a societal issue. It is an issue that cannot be tackled by any one gender.

Because the disruption of the power balance signifies one winner and one loser, but life intended a complementary balance. 

And action must be taken soon.

Good news for authors as PNG writing attracts educators

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Paradise in PerilFRANCIS NII

THERE is a light at the end of the tunnel for struggling PNG authors to sell their books in large quantities when reading becomes part of the classroom instruction under the reformed Standard Base Education system.

Starting from 2017 or 2018, reading will become part of classroom instruction under the reformed education system.

This was revealed to me by the director of secondary curriculum unit at the Education Secondary Curriculum Division at Waigani in September and has been further affirmed by Simbu educator Roslyn Tony.

While I was in Port Moresby last September to fix my Aussie visa-medicals, I visited the secondary curriculum director Alex Magun to discuss the possibility of his division assessing my novel Paradise in Peril and also my reading comprehension text book with the objective of including them as school curriculum texts.

During our brief discussion in his office at Waigani, Alex hinted that this was part of the agenda the department was considering for educational reform and, if it became a reality, there was a possibility the department would buy suitable locally-authored books for students to read.

At the time, I must admit I did not take the message seriously.

While checking in at Jacksons Airport to return to Simbu after my Brisbane visit, I met a member of Simbu Writers Association and PNG Attitude and Crocodile Prize contributor Roslyn Tony.

Roslyn is an English teacher at Rosary Kondiu Secondary School and she was a member of the Grade 8 reading comprehension examination marking team on her way back to Simbu.

When she saw me she gave me her trademark sparkling smile and I took it as normal and smiled back. But she shouted to me, “Mr Nii, I’ve got good news but I’ll tell you later.”

Immediately she aroused my curiosity but because so many people were competing to secure a seat, I let her go.

Since then I hadn’t had the chance to talk to her until the distribution of the Towoong Rotary Club books for Simbu schools.

At that time Roslyn told me the book project was very timely because the education department was going to introduce reading instruction in schools in 2017.

“Is that what you were going to tell me at the Jacksons Airport?” I asked her, which she affirmed.

Roslyn added that, while in Waigani for the marking of the Grade 8 reading comprehension examination, the standards and measurement unit of the department told her and her co-markers that next year (2017), the department will introduce reading as an instructional subject in schools.

This means that the department and the schools will buy lots of books and I believe Papua New Guinean authors are going to benefit immensely from this initiative.

This means our labour of love and long struggles will not have been in vain. It looks like they are going to pay us dividends.

It is important to emphasise that the department is not going to blindly buy any locally authored book. Their screening committee will evaluate all books and will accept only those they think are relevant and suitable for students’ learning.

It is now up to authors to polish up their published books and produce suitable literature that will attract the department’s attention.

A New Normal

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PNG womanVINZEALHAR NEN

I read a novel, "Toropo the Tenth Wife"
Set in the 1960's, I saw a different PNG
A PNG dictated by the decisions of men
Young Toropo wanted to be educated
She worked hard to win her father's favour
Instead her father sold her as a commodity
To a man old enough to be her grandfather
The love she had for a younger man
Her dreams of being educated all burst into flames
A time difficult for any woman in PNG

Fast forward to today, the 21st century
I see women everywhere, not restricted
Women in career fields that were once inclusive for men
Despite the hard work to achieve our goals
We are always picked on and mocked
All because we are women
Our culture makes it hard for us to fight back

But somewhere in time, I see hope
I see a ray of hope for the women of Papua New Guinea
The generation of, "A New Normal"

A new normal where we are equal
Where women are not judged
Where women are promoted based on merits
And not by sexist reasons
A new normal where our abilities are not questioned
A new normal where my achievements are not mocked
A dream difficult to reach, yet possible
I am a woman of Papua New Guinea
I believe in myself and I believe in my sisters
The daughters of Papua New Guinea

Let us all rise together,
Let us soar hand in hand
Bring that new normal to our shores...
Let's make it happen

PM invites foreign media to take rose-tinted view of PNG

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Peter O'Neill (Post Courier)KEITH JACKSON

SO prime minister Peter O'Neill has called on the “foreign media” to take fresh look at Papua New Guinea in 2017.

He made this appeal after the PNG press reported that there had been “minimal” disturbances over the Christmas-New Year festive period.

Apart from army elements attacking the police, that is, and the usual amount of “opportunistic crime”.

Mr O’Neill noted that this time of harmony was “a change from the problems of decades past.”

Having claimed a new era of peace under his leadership, O’Neill went on to address the main point of his message.

“2017,” he said, “should be a year when foreign media take a fresh look at PNG and move beyond the old stereotypes.

“While some foreign media might like to pick up on isolated incidents, and try to make them seem mainstream, all who live in our communities know that PNG is a county that is changing,” Mr O’Neill said.

“We do not have the problems of past decades and life is constantly improving around the nation.

“There is no doubt that we have so much work ahead to continue to share the benefits of development, but we are moving in the right direction.

“2017 will again be a year of growth and development for Papua New Guinea.

“I invite foreign journalists to be a part of this development, to get out from behind closed doors and to really visit our communities and get to know the people of our diverse nation,” he said.

Well, two-thirds of PNG Attitude’s correspondents live in the cities, towns and villages of PNG – and this is not the story they relate in our columns.

They communicate a narrative of uncontrolled corruption, increasing urban crime, rampant violence against women and girls, budgetary chaos, declining public services, decaying infrastructure and bureaucratic inefficiency.

Someone’s not telling the truth.


The rejection & acceptance of a mixed race Markham meri

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Helen AndersonHELEN ANDERSON

IN the 1970s I moved schools to a rural outer suburb of Brisbane in Australia. I was in Grade 5, nearly 10-years old, and you could find me most mornings crying on a swing in the school playground, dreading the classroom.

I was the only person of colour in the entire school and quite a novelty. It was assumed I was an ‘Abo’ an awful abbreviated for Indigenous Australians, or Aborigines. A term used as an insult. A term to set you apart – make you feel less.

As a mixed-race Papua New Guinean-Australian, I’ve encountered racism in various guises in both PNG and in Australia, the country my parents chose to move to when leaving PNG in 1972 prior to independence. Or, as the Europeans said at the time, before it all “went to shit”.

As a mixed race person, I was too dark for the suburbs of Brisbane and too light back in my PNG village.

Returning home to my village in the Markham Valley as an adult to reconnect to family, culture and heritage, I was heartbroken because all the pikininis referred to me as a missis, a Tok Pisin term for female Europeans.

Obviously I was too light for the village, the home of my heart, and I was not the Markham meri that I desperately wanted to identify as.

My cousin was playing in a soccer tournament, so my female cousins took me to cheer him on. As we sat there we noticed people turning and pointing at me, giggling behind their hands. Soon hardly anyone was watching the match, but staring at the missis. My cousins were embarrassed and we ran back to the village in shame.

I told my male cousins what had happened and they were so angry and said we must go again tomorrow and they would “kill anyone that looked or made fun of me”. I felt so protected, so loved.

True to their word, off we went the next day. One male cousin sat with me, my other cousin, who was playing, called out and waved at me. Not one person looked or pointed – the energy felt so different.

I felt accepted and stayed for hours. In fact, my cousin had to drag me back to the village, as I just wanted to stay. The difference was so palpable it empowered me. I was elated, it made me feel whole.

One day, visiting my uncle’s village, and meeting with more pikininis referring to me as missis and getting strange looks from other villagers, my Papa Jeejay could see I was upset and asked me to explain as we sat under the massive mango tree where many generations of my family had sat before.

I tried to explain in a mixture of broken Tok Pisin, mother tongue and English how disappointed I was that I was viewed as a European, not as a Markham meri while in Australia I was viewed as an ‘other’.

Papa listened earnestly, understanding my pain and humiliation. As a mixed-race person, you never truly fit in – that’s how I felt.

The missionaries spread the word of God throughout PNG and in the Markham Valley Lutheranism is the faith.

As well as Lutheran services every night in my village there was a traditional lotu service every Sunday attended by all the villagers from surrounding areas– easily 1,000 people.

My Papa Jeejay chose this location to rouse on the entire village and tell them my story. That I had endured racism in Australia and now, home with my family, was still facing it and was looked at as a European not a Markham meri.

He angrily told them I was a Markham meri, that I had returned home to meet my family, learn about my heritage and that I was one of them.

Although, at the time, I wished a hole would open up and swallow me whole, I now look back sobbing, so grateful for my Papa, my Auntie’s husband, for sharing my pain and humiliation and enforcing my acceptance.

The village is a patriarchy and it is these men, my Papa and my male cousins, who accepted me and ensured the rest of the village did too.  

I often think of the Markham Valley. I might see a landscape that reminds me of the lush and bountiful valley that provides everything needed for my family.

I remember a moment standing in my cousin’s peanut farm looking at the coconut palms, the distant mountains, the sun setting, my heart singing at the beauty; home of my heart.

My experience in the village was special and true. The traditional life led by my family is one where God provides all needs and people have a purpose to contribute to their family and the village lifestyle.

It is men who will help women achieve equality in contemporary PNG. That was my experience and I will be forever appreciative of them.

Anita - A woman magistrate in a remote village court

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Magistrate's Manual PNGROXANNE AILA

IT IS a challenge being a magistrate and there are risks with high profile cases but Anita Bacca, based at Bosim in Milne Bay Province, does it to build the community, ensure people know their rights and share information and knowledge.

There is no police support in Bosim, the nearest police station is a one-and-a-half hour boat ride away. But Anita finds her job to be rewarding.

ROXANNE - How long have you been a village court magistrate?

ANITA - Six years now.

Roxanne - Why have you chosen to be a magistrate?

Anita - I guess because of problems I had and needed to study law. I went through a lot of problems and needed to understand my rights.

Roxanne – What’s the best thing about being a magistrate?

Anita - It's good to raise awareness and share what you have. As soon as I got the opportunity I accepted training.

Roxanne - What motivates you?

Anita - Seeing people know their rights. Awareness so people know about the law. You get to know different problems and you get to know people you didn't know before. It's challenging but I get to know a lot of people. There are different places and religions.

Roxanne - What is the court hearing process?

Anita - When we have court cases we have magistrates and a peace officer and elders to witness the case.

Roxanne - What is the hardest part of being a magistrate?

Anita - I find it easier to get around now with a dinghy. During cases you have to think clearly. We are not at a higher level, we are at a grassroots level and we charge according to their level. You need to be a good listener.

PNG dystopia: The perils of life as a single mother

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Marlene Potoura (2)MARLENE DEE GRAY POTOURA

AT 8pm on Tuesday 25 October 2016 the power went off. Black out.

I was over-tired; teaching year six teenagers and being a single mum to two lively children is not an easy task.

I held my daughter’s hand and we went to bed. She didn’t want to climb onto the top-bunk, which she shared with her brother, so we both lay down on the bottom one.

“Mummy, sleep with me here. Don’t go to your room,” she said, as we cuddled and said goodnight to each other.

The nanny was sitting outside the house waiting for the electricity to come on so she could clean the kitchen and wash the cooking utensils.

My 12 year old son decided to light a candle. He placed the candle on the UPS power unit that was next to the computer monitor on the table beside the bed where we all slept. He lay down on the top bunk and went to sleep.

The blackout continued so the nanny lay on the carpet in the living room, facing the opened door of my children’s room. She went to sleep.

At around 10pm, the candle burned and melted onto the UPS and a fire started. The UPS is made of some kind of plastic substance and the flames were high and gave out black smoke. They soared halfway to the celling, setting alight to the mattress next to the table.

My kids and I slept on.

Suddenly stones were being thrown at the louvres by people on the road. The glass broke, shattering everywhere. The nanny ran into the bedroom screaming, “Fire! Fire!”

I woke up dazed, half-dressed, while my children screamed; my daughter’s Afro-styled hair just inches away from the flames. I was confused to see the fire stretching halfway to the ceiling, black smoke everywhere.

I struggled to the kitchen tap and filled an empty Coke can, came back and slowly sprinkled it all over the fire. The nanny dragged the burning mattress out of the house and threw it outside. She grabbed my work clothes from the wardrobe and threw them over the UPS.

The electricity came back on at that moment as curious opportunists and thieves invaded our home. I thank God that the lights were on. I can’t imagine what would have happened if there was still a blackout.

Yu laik kukim haus blo mipla ah?” (You want to burn our house?), yelled the caretaker and a man who was a relative of the landlord rushed in half drunk and started throwing punches at me while I stood there half-dressed in the bedroom.

He lifted an umbrella and started beating me. I screamed for him to stop and understand that it was an accident and that the fire didn’t even touch the house.

No words of comfort. No words like, “Are you and your children alright?” None at all. Everyone stood there throwing out curses and staring at us with hatred.

My kids stood there shaking with all the strange people in our house. The nanny held my little girl. As the man who beat me went out, he lifted the umbrella and hit the nanny’s head. My son hid in my office with the lights off. He stood between the shelves while thieves went in there and stole my phones, a Samsung tablet and jewellery.

We were screamed at and harassed with words I cannot write here. The man who hit me kept screaming like an insane idiot directing us to leave first thing in the morning or else he would kill us.

After what seemed like eternity, everyone left and I sorted out the floor in my office and made beds for my two kids. They lay there with hurt eyes and my heart shed bitter tears.

But my eyes were dry from facing such hardships on my own. I always show a brave face even when my heart is in deep agony.

The nanny and I cleaned the children’s room while, throughout the night, some men stood on the road and swore at me. I had never felt so shamed and degraded. I felt lost and remembered my beautiful home village of Oria nestled in its green valley.

Our house there had been big, with six bedrooms. I remembered the large family I had come from. But I was independent and took care of my own problems.

At 4:30am, I woke the kids, packed a few clothes in our knapsacks, crept out of the house and locked it.

We silently hugged our beloved dog, Dudlee goodbye and walked all the way to Eriku. We caught the 6am bus to Tent City and sought refuge at Papa Steven’s, my relative from Watabung in the highlands.

We have been there since.

I wrote to the Administrator of the Salvation Army School where I teach and asked him for a week off because I was really down and out.

I got onto the Task Force Police to investigate the people at the fire for harassment and ill-treatment, but the police wanted fuel money.

The owner of the house came to the school, got me out of class and threatened me that if I took the matter further he would have me arrested for arson.

All our belongings are still locked in that flat we’d called home for years.

The people who were our close friends accused me of trying to burn their building down, which was not something that would ever cross the mind of someone like me. A mother, a teacher, a writer and author.

I still believe in myself and know that I will somehow find a way to pay off the outstanding rentals and move our things out and start anew with my kids, who I have withdrawn from school because they were badly traumatised.

I will never give up for the sake of my two beautiful heartstrings.

Snakes, beautiful creatures that are so misunderstood

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King snakePHIL FITZPATRICK

IN early 1968 I was sitting in front of a rest house in a high valley somewhere out of Tambul in the Western Highlands.

Gathered in front of me were about 300 people chatting among themselves and patiently waiting their turn to cast a vote in the national elections.

Suddenly there was an uproar in the crowd and people started running in all directions. I glanced at the police to make sure that the red fibreglass ballot boxes were safe and then walked to what I estimated was the centre of the fuss.

The cause of the panic immediately became apparent. Making its way cautiously through the trampled grass was a bright yellow juvenile green python.

It was a stunningly beautiful and completely harmless creature and I gently picked it up and carried it back to the rest house where I deposited it in an empty bilum. I would release it into the forest when the voting was over and everyone had gone home.

The fear of snakes is widespread and occurs in most cultures. There is good cause for this because some of them are quite deadly.

The Papuan taipan kills quite a few people every year, mostly women working in their gardens. By the same token it is also a very shy snake and left alone will usually decamp when humans approach.

Otherwise it is good eating according to my Papuan friends. And that, of course, is also when a lot of people get bitten trying to kill them.

The Papuan blacksnake is also wary of humans but it will defend itself savagely if cornered. I was once bailed up by one on a road in Gulf Province.

I was with a party of geologists out for an evening stroll. The snake was up and making feints in our direction so we had to retreat and wait until it cooled off and left. The Papuan blacksnake carries a massive load of venom and once attached to you it won’t let go.

Another dangerous snake I encountered often was the death adder, which occurs all over Papua New Guinea. It is nocturnal and spends the day curled up in leaf litter, often on village paths.

It is a pretty little snake, fat with a distinctive pinched tail and is hard to spot. They are active at night and in the early 1970s, when we were conducting dawn raids on Biami longhouses looking for people who had killed and eaten their neighbours, death adders were an added complication.

If your eyes are peeled for hidden bowmen stepping on a death adder was an occupational hazard.

Death adders are apparently good eating too. Death adder pie anyone?

I grew up collecting snakes and lizards in South Australia. With my best friend, who also became a kiap, I would tramp all over the Adelaide Hills turning over rocks and logs looking for reptiles.

We mostly caught charming and chunky sleepy lizards but occasionally found the odd brown snake or red-bellied blacksnake, which we took home and, unbeknown to our parents, kept in our backyards.

Those days provided me with a fascination with snakes but also a healthy respect for them.

The scariest snakes I have encountered are the deadly sea snakes that hang around in the Gulf of Papua. The ugliest is perhaps the file snake that lives in waterholes around Lake Murray in Western Province. But like that lovely little green python most snakes in Papua New Guinea are harmless.

In the house that I shared with Joe Nombri at Kiunga we had a problem with rats. We solved this by bringing home a large carpet python and putting it in the roof. Unlike a lot of Papua New Guineans, Joe wasn’t fazed in the slightest by Monty the Python.

Occasionally he would descend from the roof and meander around the house. He surprised quite a few visitors when he appeared twined in the louvre windows. Our long suffering ADC, Barry Creedy, eyed Monty obliquely one evening but didn’t tell us to get rid of him.

Perhaps the funniest incident with a python occurred in the toilets at the drill site I was working on in Western Province.

The toilet cum shower block consisted of two converted shipping containers inexpertly joined together. A large python out searching for a meal squeezed into the block one evening. He caught an unsuspecting visitor by surprise.

The man had his fly open and was poised at the pissoir when the python rose up in front of him to have a look at what appeared to be a juicy meal.

I collected that unwelcome visitor when the bedlam had died down and let him go in the forest with a firm admonition not to scare any more drillers half to death. Pythons are good eating too so I made sure I let him go in the dark when no one was around.

Snakes are all part of Mother Nature’s grand plan and as long as you respect them and don’t do silly things like trying to kill them we can all get on together.

Our fight, it's not in vain

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WAVIE KENDINO

I awake, my head it throbs
My heart it beats, as though in my chest, it lobs
Oh how I wish I did not have to come out of slumber
"I'm fine, I can do this", I mumble

As I do every day, I start the day with the only way I know how, with a prayer
I ask God to give me strength, clarity, wisdom and the fight to deal with each naysayer
And suddenly I'm filled with unbridled energy, the kind that makes you take on the day without a care
That's just what I need, as the world we live in, it's just not fair

I need to bring my A game, work twice as hard as each male colleague
It's just the way things are, I need to put in the extra effort to be in their league
But that's ok, it's perfectly fine
All will eventually fall in line

As the days go by, the efforts of all hard working Papua New Guinean women will not be in vain
We are slowly but surely closing the gaps of inequality in all aspects of society through sheer hard work and determination, it's something we will gradually attain.

Wavie Kendino, 26, is a corporate and commercial lawyer with Dentons (formerly Gadens) Lawyers. She lives in Port Moresby and is of East Sepik and Bougainville parentage. Wavie was a finalist in the young achievers category of the Westpac Outstanding Women Awards in 2016

A culture of family is a culture of success

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PNGOCALURIGO RAVURISO-KALI

“BUBU Mum, what is adapt?” asked six year old Chayil as he chomped on a piece of sunnyside egg.

“You know how you go to a new place,” I began to explain, with my sister Jan grinning and whispering in tokples Hula that I’d just been hit for a six.

Thirty minutes earlier, she had been searching for the adaptor to connect the electric fryer to fry eggs.

“Has anyone seen the adaptor?” It had been in one of her five kitchenware bags.

Now here’s Chayil asking his question totally unrelated to eating.

How about a regular question like, “Why is this side burnt brown and the other side burnt white?” for instance.

I am usually quite alert around him but now fumbling, Jan used the cricket analogy. Me the hapless bowler and Chayil the bold batsman. Ugh!

He looked past me registering no understanding. I tried again.

“Remember last night, Mummy cooked the eggs and mixed it with noodles?” He nodded, a big smile slowly making its way across his broad face.

“This time, Bubu Jan has adapted that a bit and has fried the egg on both sides. Now you are enjoying eating the sunnyside egg.”

I took a week off after he refused to go where he usually spends his days at his sitter’s home.

One day we ate a pizza, watched an animated film and then another. Next day we went swimming, shocking his overly protective dad who told me his son couldn’t quite swim yet.

Then we coerced his parents into writing a letter asking for a place at the Carr Memorial Seventh Day Adventist School at Ensisi Valley. Chayil was so happy he agreed to return to his sitter the following Monday.

Sometimes I wished I’d do more and help out my married children own their own homes, have all their children go to the same decent school and have their own vehicle to pick up and drop off their children.

I googled and found that some Scandinavian countries provide for a parent who opt to look after their young child until they are old enough to be placed in a crèche. Also they had more women politicians who brought to parliament a woman’s nurturing and caring instinct making for worthwhile nation building decisions.

I thought of the Papua New Guinea Olympics Committee. Their children are picked up after school and brought to their office. They do their homework, read, rest or play outside in the yard. They drink and eat in the kitchen. After work at 4:30 they leave for home.

The culture of family is encouraged. Sir John Dawanicura, the committee board chairman and Auvita Rapilla, secretary general, have teenage children who greet staff members with a smile, a firm handshake, a hug and engage in little chats.

On staff are 10 women and eight men. Andy’s son and two delightful daughters play in the yard. Shareena’s dolly perches on a chair and smiles at everyone passing by.

Drew’s five year old son sits on the carpet next to him as he works. Sometimes Reni brings her baby in much to the delight of the girls, who, having spare time, carry him while Reni finishes off urgent to-dos before taking him to the doctor.

Lai’s curious three year old comes every now and then. He is happy playing with crayons and laughs out loud spontaneously. We all feel good and smile as we work.

Becka is a widow with two youngsters at Coronation Community Primary School. Every day she walks them to school and then collects them in the afternoon. One time her son was ill, he lay quietly on a rug waiting for her to take him to the hospital.

She took him to the free medical service provided by Haus Ruth at the PIH hospital at 4 Mile. This is a godsend because she is the only bread winner and getting this free service is invaluable.

A child not in school offers a passport to be a beggar on the streets. No amount of corrective community work, sermons on changing behaviour and detention teaches a child strong ethical conduct.

It is my conviction that a parent who is happy, caring, respectful and grateful excels at the workplace. Because of this behaviour, children are happy excelling at school and at play.

Making history in the Oceania region, Rapilla was elected at the 2016 Olympics in Rio to sit on the International Olympic Committee. She did it herself and got in on merit. Humble in nature, she attributes this success to the staff and the Board members who support her in the execution of the responsibilities of the PNGOC.

This is the kind of caring and selfless leadership that inspires staff to achieve. The PNGOC is an example of an employer that supports staff wellbeing which leads to high performance and success.

Not only do children happily wait around for their parents, staff arrive at the latest by 8:30am; staff go in the office vehicle shopping weekly, get a day off after working over the weekend and get dropped off home thrice a week.

This culture of family empowers staff to work well, which puts into action the PNGOC’s vision to be the best performing National Olympic Committee. In retrospect, it is first the leader’s actions that motivate the staff to achieve. The leader who walks with equality.

“Bubu Mum, have you seen Trolls?”

“No,” I respond. I wanted to watch Moana. They said that it was so nice. I did, it was just nice.

“Who are these Trolls,” I ask my grandson.

Happily he hops over to me. Smiling, he peers into my eyes and hugs me tight. He lets go.

“Bubu Mum, Trolls do only these things. They are happy, they sing, they hug and dance.”

“We could all do the same,” I respond.

Bougainville, 23 August 1993: The past alive in my mind

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Marlene Potoura and newspaperMARLENE DEE GRAY POTOURA

Dedicated to my mother, Margaret Potoura

I AM in my forties now, but it is still vivid. It was 23 years ago and I was 23 years old, a trained primary school teacher, and three years out of teachers college.

My father, Nehemiah Gray Potoura, and two of my brothers Trevor, 20, and Jacob, 16, were abducted by the Bougainville Revolutionary Army on 23 August 1993.

The evening before, my father told my mother, Margaret, to take us and the other women and flee to a hide-out on his sacred land. We left in a hurry with my widowed aunty Aretai and her children, my 12 year old sister Linda, my mother’s niece Isabelle, who was five, and my four year old brother David.

We left at dusk while father and the boys, along with some uncles and cousins, stayed on at the plantation house. The house was at the edge of the cocoa plantation and belonged to an uncle who had long since fled Bougainville and was somewhere on the mainland.

As we were about to go down the hill, father told my mother that he and the boys would come to us in the morning.

My mother didn’t know that this was the last time she would ever see her husband.

We went down the hill, crossed Wuloli creek and walked into the jungle.  The trees were tall and the forest dark. My mother led the way along a narrow track, camouflaged by the humps of surface roots. Long vines hung from the trees like serpents waiting to drop and devour us.

I stumbled over roots and lifted my skinny legs higher.  The jungle sounds of birds and animals were terrifying and the crickets’ non-stop chirping deafening. But our real fear was the rebels, who lurked in the forests on our island of Bougainville.

My mother kept hurrying us to keep up. Aunty took out a dried coconut frond bundle she had packed in her knapsack and lit it with my mother’s stone matches. The fire made weird shadows that danced beside us as we hurried on. There were no words. We had to flee as father had instructed.

Walking at the rear I saw Aunty’s fire blowing sparks into the darkness. I was afraid to look behind me. This was a bad omen in our culture. Looking back and blinking would be like beckoning the forest ghouls to follow.

We heard the rumble of the Pirasi River. Aunty held the fire higher and we saw why my mother had stopped. The old mother tree known as Moileu in our mother tongue was right in our path.

I knew about Moileu because I had heard stories about ritualistic gatherings that were held by my father’s ancestors under it to call the mighty wind. We went around the huge trunk as Moileu stood in silence. 

When we arrived at our hide-out, Aunty quickly built a fire in the thatched roof hut and we warmed our shivering bodies.

My asthmatic mother was wheezing badly. My cousin Lorna and I fixed up her treasured tent next to our bush hut, while Aunty looked for leaves to warm over the fire and put on my mother’s chest.

Afterwards, she felt a little better and we helped her into her tent and made her comfortable with the solar lamp she treasured as much as that old tent.

Then we lay down in a line on the wild bush palm leaves as the embers glowed and we went to sleep. I woke up at around 5am, the normal time to wake up in Bougainville as the sun rises early on our island. Because we were in the forest, the place was still dark.

I lay there cold and frightened as the sound of the morning birds cackled like old-witches.  I have a very imaginative mind which just makes things worse. The goose bumps crept up my feet and legs like crawling ants and moved up my spine, making the hair on the back of my neck stand up.

I shook aunty awake and told her I was scared my mother might have died in her tent and could she please go and check. Aunty came back and said mother was okay and we sat there, building the fire and talking in hushed voices.

The sun rose over the trees and I sat outside on a log and watched the sunbeams dancing to the rustle of the leaves.

In the night time the forest looked scary but in daylight it was beautiful.

I saw how peaceful and untouched everything was. The tree trunks were multi-coloured with vines growing all over them, hanging from branches like mid-air swings.

Moileu towered above all the trees, her branches so high I had to squint to see them properly. There were shrubs, ferns and other smaller trees growing everywhere on the forest floor. And so many birds flying and eating seeds. Their cries, shrieks, cackles and songs were sweet and soothing to my ears.

Nearby I heard the Pirashi River rumbling and looked back to the hut where Aunty was cooking green bananas over the open fire while her six year old son Robin and my four year old brother David sat near her.

I saw my sister and cousins listening to soft music on the radio. The song was ‘Warrior of Love.’

Abruptly, we were disturbed by strange men emerged near our hut. I saw them first, because I was outside. Dangerous looking men, some with dreadlocks, others covering their heads with leaves, bandanas and woollen caps. They clothes were tattered and they had bare feet.

At first my eyes focused on the guns - home-made shot guns and hand guns made of water pipes and with no safety catches. Then I saw they were dragging my 16 year old cousin Kerosi by the cuff of his shirt. They had captured him and made him show them the way.

They searched our hut and woke my mother in her tent. She came out looking ill. They seized my world service portable radio, claiming that it was a wireless to call the Papua New Guinean soldiers.

Kerosi whispered that the rebels had taken my father and everyone prisoner and badly beaten them. The men then yanked him away and disappeared into the thick jungle.

My aunty and mother started weeping. We were shocked and didn’t know what else to do. I calmed them and said I was going back to the plantation to confirm Kerosi’s story.

I walked away stealthily and Moileu started whooshing and creaking as I crept past her gigantic trunk. I walked on and came through thinner jungle to arrive at the village gardens. I crossed Wuloli creek and then I went up the hill, slowing my pace as I came to the plantation house.

There was no one there.

The house had been torn apart by people clearly mad with anger.

All our things were scattered, stamped on, broken to pieces. I saw blood on the steps and underneath the house as well. My head reeled and I held onto a post.

I decided to go on to Oria and see if there was anyone there. I walked through the cocoa trees and came to the village.

There was not a soul in sight.

All the houses were abandoned.

The whole village was deserted.

Everyone had fled into the jungle.  

I followed the main highway and tried to look for my father and two brothers. I rounded a corner and as I was about to cross the Pauhu River, I saw my father’s stepfather, Puriala, coming from the other direction. He was shaking and sobbing uncontrollably.

“They’ve taken them all. They tortured them and knifed them like animals and may have killed them already.”

We both stood in the middle of the road and cried.

Puriala told me to go back to my mother and flee further into the jungle.

I ran back up the hill to the trail I had taken earlier, then past the plantation house and into the forest once again.

I ran to our camp and there was no one there.

Everything was packed and gone, only the bush hut remained.

I ran again, stumbling over roots, all the way down to the Pirasi River. I stood on the rocky bank and observed my surroundings. Then I walked downstream for a number of minutes, until I heard someone signal our family’s secret whistle.

I looked across and saw my mother, aunty, cousins, brother and sister. I waded across the river and I ran to my family and hugged them. We sat on the ferns on the forest floor while I related what I had encountered and we all cried softly. We heard Moileu groaning in the gale as the trees danced to its rhythm.

The trees looked angry. I have never forgotten the forest on that day. It was alive. It is something I will never be able to explain.

I suggested to my mother that we should find another hiding place because the rebels knew where we were. I was worried they might come back and this time something worse would happen.

My mother agreed and we carried our belongings, a hidden energy emerging. My mother led the way and we crossed the Pirasi River and followed a secret path father had once showed her.

We walked for some hours and came to a shelter, lit a fire and slept huddled together. The next day we walked to mother’s garden, next to the mountain Wukomai.  Having not eaten for a day, we helped ourselves to sugar cane, papayas, cucumbers and yellow bananas.

I started eating raw capsicums and suddenly thought of my father, who had taught me to eat them, and my eyes filled with tears. I stood under the shade of a banana tree wondering what might have happened to him and the others.

We stayed at the garden for three days. I was coming to terms with the fact that there was no one to help us. No one cared if Nehemiah had a wife who was struggling in the forest with her brood.

We had no idea what had happened to father and the others. Only my mother, her strength and her faith in God and prayer, kept us all together and strong.

We moved to another smaller garden beneath the mountain Wukomai.

Then the next morning, Tuvunau, a relative of my father arrived at the garden with his boys. He had followed our trail and came to take us to a better hiding place where his family and an uncle of my father were living.

My mother asked Tuvunau and his boys to escort us to the plantation house. When we arrived after some hours, my mother saw how everything was and she and Aunty Aretai lay on the hard earth and wept.

We followed Tuvunau to his hideout. We didn’t have much to say but everyone at the camp was kind and understanding.

We sat and stared into the forest.

Two weeks later, on a gloomy rainy Thursday afternoon at around six, Tuvunau came from his expeditions with tears in his eyes and told us our father was found downstream of the Loluai River. The rebels had made him stand on Loluai Bridge where he was shot by the commander, who I know is still alive as I write this.

Two brothers, my father’s cousins, were told to dig a hole and were shot and thrown in the same grave. My brothers and some other male relatives were rescued by another group of rebels.

My father was shot on the same day the rebels ambushed the plantation house, 23 August 1993.

My mother is now 67 and is well and an elder in her church. She is a strong woman who I am indebted to for my safety and survival during the Bougainville crisis.

From her savings as a teacher she has built a large house in our village of Oria. She runs a happy school for village children, who come to her daily.

All my siblings are university graduates and are married and have families of their own.

I am the eldest, the one who was close to our father and throughout the years I have lived with the pain of losing him.

The experiences I went through have never left me. I write a lot to record the past, which is very important to me. The past is alive in my mind.


Sheer greed is driving PNG’s unique species to extinction

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Black-spotted-cuscusKEITH JACKSON

FIVE species of marsupials, an echidna, three bats and several rodents face extinction in Papua New Guinea and have been classified as critically endangered on the ‘red list’ of threatened species published by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

And the main reason? Well, let’s say ‘greed’.

Diplomatically, IUCN says it’s due to “deforestation contributing to habitat loss and consequent population dwindling”.

Yeah, greed.

So all these species are on the verge of extinction, and Papua New Guinea has no measures to ensure their survival. Well, of course not, the money’s in Cairns property.

Among the marsupials facing extinction are the black-spotted cuscus, the eastern long-beaked echidna, the New Guinea big-eared bat and the lowland brush mouse.

The eastern long-beaked echidna is a critically endangered species and is found at altitude between 2,000 and 3,000 metres. Its long snout allows it to scavenge for insects in cracks and hard-to-reach spaces. Like other members of this species, it lays eggs.

The black-spotted cuscus has a round head and a short, pointed snout. It is a predominantly solitary creature, feeding and nesting individually. It feeds on small animals, fruits, nuts, and leaves and lives at elevations of no more than 1,200 meters.

The New Guinea big-eared bat is classified as a critically endangered species as a result of habitat loss. It prefers regions below 100 meters and lives communally in woodland regions feeding on insects. Not much is known about this species, not even whether it roosts in caves or trees.

It may become extinct without us knowing much about it at all.

The lowland brush mouse is a critically endangered species from habitat destruction. It depends on tree-holes for survival. Logging and increased human encroachment in its preferred lowland tropical forests are wiping out the species.

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature says PNG wll need to establish more protective areas such as national parks so these critically endangered mammals can benefit from some form of protection.

Otherwise, continuous habitat loss result from deforestation and other types of human encroachment will drive these species, and many more, to extinction.

The working class woman

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Leila ParinaLEILA PARINA

IT was 5.45pm as Alice skidded through the traffic at the 4 Mile intersection on her way home.

She knew she was late. Her usual arrival time was 5.20. And home was another hour away.

Alice was a regular commuter who travelled between her village and her job in the city. She made it to the PMV stop just in time to hop on a bus that was just leaving for the village.

As the other passengers joked and chatted to each other, Alice sank into her seat in deep thought. She knew Rick would not be happy about her coming home late.

As a matter of fact, he had been unhappy a lot lately. He was often quiet and seldom joked with her – or had a good time. She knew it had something to do with work. He never wanted to hear her stories about work and he was always frustrated when she was very busy and came home late.

He was also not helpful. Rick expected Alice to do all the housework. As soon as she got home she was expected to cook and clean and sort out any unexpected visitors who would turn up at their home.

It wasn’t always like this. When Alice first started work, Rick was happy. And he was understanding and supportive. But she knew time had taken its toll. Not to mention society. She knew people were talking about her.

And Rick was frustrated. It was already two years since he was laid off from his last job. And with someone of his stature, coming from an important family, this was not a situation he was supposed to be in.

Alice was doing well at work. This was her second year working and she had already been promoted. She had announced the news to Rick the previous week but he did not seem impressed. As they drove on passing other rural villages, Alice made a decision.

She knew she had to save her marriage and raise her daughter Nifa in a happy home. She would talk to Rick and tell him that she would help him find a job. Then she would quit her job and stay at home to tend to house chores and take care of Nifa. She would be selfless and sacrifice her dreams just for her family. She looked out the window as a tear ran down her cheek.

Rick took another look at his phone. It was already quarter to seven and his wife was not home yet. What was she doing? Rick resisted the urge to call her. He was not going to turn into one of those uneducated lunatics who constantly checked on their wives and belted them up whenever they felt like it. Instead he went inside to check his daughter and his sister, Alana. He saw that Alana had washed and dressed NIfa.

“Alana.”

“Yes, brother.”

“Please go and prepare dinner. Your sister-in-law is not here yet.”

“What!” she shouted in frustration. “Is she a mother or what? This child, this house, and you are her responsibility. You are her husband. Set her in place.”

Rick sighed, “Just do it please. I will talk to her when she gets home.”

He picked Nifa up and walked outside. They both sat on the veranda and waited for her mother. He gave her a toy to play with while he thought. Nifa was three years old. And he was more than happy that she was in this world.

He thought hard about Alana’s words. She wasn’t the only person who thought that way. His friends made fun of him. They often told him that Alice was ruling his life. His family were certainly not impressed that he had let his wife go off to start a career.

But he felt he owed it to Alice. He had ruined her chances of completing her degree. She was also smart and ambitious. And he knew her job would help the young family in a lot of ways. Even if he found a job – he would not earn as much as she was capable of earning. He just wished people would stop thinking back to the traditional ways and start working together to make life better.

As Nifa laughed and ran around the veranda playfully he knew they had to make some tough choices about their future. He would talk to Alice as soon as she got home. He would tell her it was time she accepted the company accommodation in the city.

They would move into the city. That way they could raise their family away from the stigma faced in the village. It would be hard to leave all his family behind but it was the right thing to do for his family.

As he looked out from their beachside house toward the sunset, he could make out the silhouette of a woman walking toward the house. The figure looked tired and weary. But in her he saw strength, intelligence, and gentle care. And this had won his heart in the very beginning. As she walked up the stairs slowly, as if frightened, Rick stood up from his chair. He was ready to welcome his wife home.

The expectation of marriage

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Watna MoriWATNA MORI

I WRITE in my journal. I write letters to self. I write social media disgruntles and discussions. I write submissions.

I can’t remember the last time I tried writing creatively. I first attempted writing this several months ago, to look back at and mark a low point in my 30 years.

A point, where I thought I had done everything expected of me that was within my control but it was still not enough. The expectation of marriage.

My experience, however, does not exist in a vacuum. It exists in the struggle of being a Papua New Guinean, more so a Papua New Guinean woman.

We Papua New Guineans are always too harsh on ourselves. We imagine we should be years ahead in development, in the state of our economy and in the education of our people.

But the reality which dawns on me every 16 September is that it was only in 1930 that “first contact” was made with the Highlands people of PNG.  Only 86 years. That’s one person’s lifetime.

It’s this dilemma that continues to shape the growth, attitudes, understandings and ambitions of us as a people and a country.

We are akin to tumbleweed, picking up speed and all kinds of debris, some good, some bad, but constantly in motion and moving where?

There seems to be no method to this madness and every day I struggle to make sense of and balance all the contrasting and different pressures, expectations, realisations, goals and visions that make up me.

Me, the Papua New Guinean who comes from a very distinct old indigenous culture.

Me, the Papua New Guinean who is exposed to the Western world and Western ideas, having lived in a Western culture.

Me, the Papua New Guinean who is also exposed to non-Western cultures and ethnicities and sees their struggle in this world centuries after their own “first contact.”

Me, the Papua New Guinean who is passionate about human rights yet, is challenged by living in this country, to question at various moments, are they universal?

Me, middle-class Papua New Guinean woman.  

It’s within this context that a seemingly small matter, like the expectation of marriage, throws me off my path, crushes my ego and ambition, and makes me ask myself: will I ever achieve what is required of a young Papua New Guinea meri? And who dictates what that is anyway?

I don’t believe my experience (and it’s continuing of course) is unique. I have many girlfriends who are going through the same thing, the same frustrations and the same questions.

Every year since I turned 25, the question has been, “when are you getting married?”

When are you getting married? WHEN ARE YOU GETTING MARRIED?

When I turned 30, it reached the stage where my mother formed prayer groups. She did this in several locations to dedicate my singleness to God.

A couple of years ago she thought maybe there was an ancestral curse that hindered my marriage prospects.

At present I do not know her thoughts on the matter because I have decided I do not wish to discuss something beyond my control.

This is not an issue particular to Papua New Guinean women, however for us it’s more confusing because we don’t really know our society’s stance on it.

In one generation, we have gone from traditions that have arranged marriages and clear boy/girl, male/female, husband/wife roles to some level of social anarchy.

Many parents have no idea what messages they are sending to their children and our society is still trying to figure out gender roles and expectations. Meanwhile we are progressing by feel, by personal interpretations of what society’s expectations are or might be.

As a girl-child growing up, my family and community’s expectations of me included assisting with the housework, carrying a billum, sindaun isi, welcoming guests, making tea.

When I got too rowdy, I was told “yu man ah,” or in my mother’s tongue, “rol kang eh.”

On the other hand, people also recognised the value of accessing Western culture. We were told to focus on school, achieve a good education, become career women, think independently and be independent.

Women who are part of the expanding middle-class in PNG have a voice in the home and in the family but, beyond that, we go by feel, by intuition, by trial and error.

We figure out pretty quickly when we can say something and when we can’t; like when it’s a forum just for the men. Even in a professional setting, we have the same challenge. Calculating when we should and should not assert ourselves.

Many times we gauge wrong. There are no set rules. It can be very confusing. Because - if you can’t discern, if you don’t listen to your intuition, if you don’t observe your environment - this crazy balancing act (with no tangible weights) becomes impossible.

What makes things even more difficult is the fact that what is a successful balancing act in one setting may not be so in another.

And that is exactly why the expectation of marriage was a sucker punch to the stomach for me.

After everything I thought I had achieved, that achievement was still not sufficient.

In my life in Port Moresby and overseas, as an educated career woman I had done well. However, it seemed not as a Papua New Guinean woman whose traditional culture seems to only allow for the roles of small girl, young girl, married woman, old woman, widow and perhaps to a very limited extent, spinster.

Where do I fit? I am none of these things. Can I just be a “young woman” or even “a woman” without my existence being defined in relation to a man?

Culture changes, it shifts, it takes different forms as time progresses and as society’s values transform, but I fear we are moving so fast that we are not dictating where we are going but being dictated to by circumstance.

Driven by the warped power constructs that develop as a result of this tumbleweed of progress. And we remain confused about the standards and behaviour we expect of our men and women. 

The expectation of marriage is a mild but personal example of this unregulated change. On the other end of the spectrum, the most pressing issue affecting PNG women right now is violence, and the attitudes of those men and women who condone it.

What I wish more than anything is that what women are experiencing today might be a phase, a developmental hiccup and that, in another generation, a young PNG woman can look back and ruminate on how much things have changed for the better.

We Are Heroes

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Wardley Barry 2WARDLEY D BARRY-IGIVISA

We are heroes in our own dreams,
but heralds of treacherous schemes.
When at night we lie on our beds,
the pictures that run through our heads.
Some make us quaver grisly screams
to get away from Hell's regimes.

Some take us to heaven it seems,
where we are more alive than dead.
Without the want for wine or bread,
where we write befitting our whims,
we are heroes.

But there are others without themes,
and they sorely our pride blaspheme.
So we make up fables instead
to bury our shame in the bed.
Then when we wake up to sunbeams
we speak of gests in which in dreams
we are heroes.

Of missionaries, tribal war & the emergence of great men

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Fr Ross honoured in a PNG postage stampGARY ROCHE

BACK in 1934 Fr William Ross (1896-1973) came to Wilya in the Western Highlands and settled among the Mokei Ndepi Nampaka clan.

Wilya is about a mile south of where Mt Hagen was established four years later, in 1938.

The Mokei tribe is divided into two major sections, the Mokei Ndepi (the forest dwellers) who lived mainly around where Mt Hagen town is situated and in the mountain range towards Kuta, and the Mokei Kuipi (the plains dwellers) who lived mainly in the kunai grass plains beyond Oglbeng.

The missionaries would bring shells from the coast and these were greatly prized by the local people. The missionaries used the shells to buy food and also sometimes to pay workers.

A bailer shellWhen buying a large pig, one particularly extra large and beautiful bailer shell was given by Fr Ross to Wan.

Soon afterwards, this bailer shell was included in the bride price given by Wan to the Jika Oprump clan to buy a wife for his son Wamp (pictured right in 1934).

Wamp was already a leader who later was knighted by the Queen to become Sir Wamp Wan. The woman he took as wife was Palt, the daughter of Kuli from Jika Oprump. She was the mother of Wamp’s eldest son William Weimp Wamp. Palt sadly died following the birth of Weimp.

Wamp Wan in 1934The beautiful bailer shell that Wan had given to Kuli was coveted by many people and, according to Fr Ross, eagerness to possess the shell was a major contributing factor to a tribal fight in 1934 involving Jika, Remdi and Mokei Kuipi. 

The big man Nui, father of Pung Nui, from Mokei Kuipi Okumanaka was killed and the Mokei Kuipi clans felt threatened and appealed for help to the Mokei Ndepi and to prominent planter Danny Leahy and Fr Ross.

According to Fr Ross, he and Leahy deployed contract workers to accompany some Mokei Ndepi men to bring a large number of Mokei Kuipi people from the Maip and Kelua area beyond Oglebeng to the Mokei Ndepi areas of Wilya and Kugumamp.

Among those who came and originally settled near Rebiamul was the man Nui from Mokei Okapuka (not to be confused with Nui from Mokei Okumanaka who had been killed.)

Mokei Okapuka Nui had a daughter named Rombuk. He later settled near Kamunga not far from Rebiamul. 

Around the same time there was also tension among the Jika clans.  Jika is a large tribe and there are three major sub divisions: the Jika Andapoins who live mainly beyond Oglebeng; the Jika Maipingel who live on the north side of Hagen town and around Oglebeng; and the Jika Mukuka who live towards Nebilyer around Moika, Keltiga and Kemenk.

One of the leaders of the Jika Mukuka was a man named Au. His son Pena Au became a member of the House of Assembly.  Au was in possession of a pig, Wabia, which was stolen - a theft that triggered a major tribal war pitting the Jika Mukuka against several clans from the Jika Maipingel.

Dan Leahy wih Wamp Wan at Mt HagenThe Jika Mukuka were greatly outnumbered and were defeated. They lost many killed and numerous others had to flee their land. Some of the Jika Mukuka Murimp clan fled into the hills to Kuta where Dan Leahy was established. (That's Dan at left with Wamp Wan and other leaders at Mt Hagen.)

Leahy records that a leader of the Jika Mukuka Murimp clan, a man named Wingti (son of Weimp of Jika Mukuka and Pagl Rognda of Kinjika), asked for his help saying that their enemies were pursuing them. 

There were about 50 in the group led by Wingti.  Leahy came to an agreement with Wingti that, if his group worked for him, they could build houses and make gardens on the land near Kuta. As related in the book Kundi Dan, Leahy summed up his description of that episode by saying: “That was the Mugugas; Jika Muguga Wingti. He was a good bloke, Wingti”.

So both the Jika Mukuka clan and the Mokei Kuipi clan had the misfortune to have suffered because of tribal warfare.

Members of both clans were forced to leave their land at least temporarily and find refuge elsewhere. In fact they found refuge not far from each other. Kuta was not far from Kugumamp or Wilya. There were no enemy clans in between.

Wingti from Jika Mukuka was a leader but still a relatively young man. Mokei Okupuka Nui had several children. One of them was a young girl named Rombuk.  Wingti married Rombuk.

Yaga from Mokei Akilika was a major big man who would later claim he arranged the marriage of Jika Wingti and Rombuk. That may or may not be the case, anyway the fact is that Jika Mukuka Wingti married Rombuk from Mokei Okapuka. 

Paias WingtiOne of their sons was born in the early 1950s and was baptised by Fr Ross with the name Paias (Pius).  In 1985, Paias Wingti became prime minister of Papua New Guinea, the first highlander to achieve that high office, and is still a member of parliament.

Most of the Jika Mukuka clan returned to their own land at Moika and Keltiga. Some of the Moke Kwibi (Kuipi) also reclaimed their land, though many continue to live among the Mokei Ndepi. Some remained near Wamp’s area.

Many also settled with the Mokei Komunka in the Tiling and Mambila areas where with the Komunka they started the successful KomKui business corporation. (Komunka and Kuipi = Kom + Kui = Komkui).

Both of Paias Wingti’s parents were displaced from their own land because of tribal warfare. Yet out of that situation came a marriage that produced a future prime minister and member of the Queen’s Privy Council.

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